GYPSUM AND ITS

PRODUCTS
Submitted by:
Himanshi Sachdeva
Mohini Agarwal
Srishti Agarwal
Sunaina Bansal
Aditi goenka

Gypsum
Gypsum is a mineral found in sedimentary rock formations in a

crystalline form known as calcium sulphate dihydrateCaSO42H2O.

Gypsum rock is called Alabaster.
It is a white transluscent mineral .
White sands, New Mexico is made of gypsum.
Its color may differ according to the purities it may contain.
When heated to 250o c pure gypsum looses its lustre.
It has a unique property of moulding.
When heated it gives up combined water and turns into powder.
On adding water to the powder it can easily be shaped and

moulded and in short time it hardens again and becomes similar to

its natural state.
It is used as the base for gypsum plaster, gypsum board and other

gypsum products.
Synthetic gypsum may also be used in the production of gypsum

board.

PLASTER OF PARIS:
It

is produced by incompletely dehydrating pure finely

ground gypsum at a temperature some what lower than 185C.
Most plasters theoretically approach CaSO4 + 1/2H2O
which contains about 6.2 per cent of water.
When substances of colloidal nature (for example glue) are
mixed with the plaster the formation of crystals is hindered
and the time of set retarded. In hardening, Plaster of Paris
first shrinks then expands.

The latter property makes the material suitable for making

casts, since a sharp impression of the mould can be secured.

For the same reason it forms an excellent material for filling cracks, holes in
the plastered surfaces and also on the wooden surfaces before
painting/polishing.
Owing to the rapidity of set and difficulty in working, its use in structures is
limited to ornamental works. Being unstable in water it should be used for
indoor works only.

PROPERTIES
1. White in colour
2. Setting time is 5 to 20 min

Market price- 100 rs /20 kg bag

Production of Gypsum
Excavating
Crushing (~25 mm
diameter)
Grinding
Heating (calcining)
Cooling and Pulverizing
Marketing in Bags

The manufacturer receives

quarried
gypsum, and crushes the large
pieces
before any further processing
takes place.
Crushed rock is then ground
into a fine powder and heated to
about 350 degrees F.

Gypsum Board
Gypsum board is often called

drywall, wallboard, or
plasterboard.
It consist of a noncombustible core,

composed primarily of gypsum,

and a thick paper surfacing on the
face, back and long edges.
They can be faced with a variety of

different materials, including paper

and fiberglass mats.
It differs from other panel building

products, such as plywood,

hardboard, and fiberboard, because
of its noncombustible core and
paper facers.
Gypsum wall board creates a

continuous surface suitable for

most types of interior decoration.

Advantages of Gypsum Board

Ease of installation
Fire resistance
Sound isolation
Durability
Economy
Versatility
Aesthetics

Ease of Installation :
Gypsum board panels are relatively

large compared to other materials.

Available in 48- and 54-inch wide

sheets and in lengths of 8, 10, or

12 feet, so they quickly cover large
wall and ceiling areas.
Gypsum board assemblies require

only a few tools for their

construction.
Gypsum board can be cut with

either a utility knife or a variety of

saws, and it can be attached with a
variety of fasteners, including
screws, nails, and staples.
It can also be adhesively attached

to many substrates.
Gypsum board is a lightweight

material.
2 workers can easily handle most

panels

Fire Resistance:
Gypsum board is an excellent fire-

resistive building material.

Gypsum contains the water of

crystallization bound in the form of

hydrates.
When exposed to heat or fire,this

water get vapourised slowly,over a

range of temperatue
(80-160 degree) thus effectively
retarding the heat transfer.

Sound Insulation:
Gypsum board wall and ceilings

systems effectively help control

sound transmission.
Gypsum board absorbs the sound.

Durability:
Gypsum board is used to construct strong,

high quality walls and ceilings that offer

excellent dimensional stability and durability.
Surfaces created using gypsum board are
easily decorated and refinished.

Economy:
It is readily available and easy to apply.
Inexpensive wall surfacing material that

provides a fire resistant interior finish.

Can be installed at significantly lower labor
costs than most alternate systems.

Types of Gypsum Boards

Gypsum producers offer a variety of gypsum

board products for many specific applications:

The surface layer of interior walls and ceilings;
A base for ceramic, plastic and metal tile;
Exterior sheathing and soffits;
Elevator and other shaft enclosures;
Area separation fire walls between occupancies;
The fire-resistant layer over structural

elements.

Regular gypsum boards are available in several thicknesses used in the

following applications:
-inch
A low cost gypsum board
Used as a base in a multilayer application
For improving sound control, used to cover existing walls and ceilings in

remodeling and for curved surfaces.

5/16 -inch
A specialty product primarily used in the production of manufactured

housing .
Also used in laminated double thickness for special sound control panels.
3/8-inch A gypsum board principally applied in a double-layer system

over wood framing and as a face layer in repair or remodeling.

-inch Generally used as a single layer wall and ceiling material in

residential work and in double-layer systems for greater sound and fire
ratings.

 Standard size gypsum boards are

48 inches wide and 8, 10, 12 or

14 feet long.
The 48 inch width is compatible

with standard framing methods

in which studs or joists are
spaced 16 inches and 24 inches
(Other lengths and widths of
gypsum board are available from
the manufacturer on special
order.)
Edges available are rounded,

tapered, beveled, square edge,

and tongue and groove (V-edge).
5/8-inch Used in quality single-

layer and double-layer wall

systems.
The greater thickness provides

additional fire resistance, higher

rigidity, and better impact
resistance.

Types of Gypsum Board

(Based on Material strength)

Abuse-resistant gypsum panels offer greater resistance

to surface indentation, abrasion and penetration than standard

gypsum panels.
Exterior gypsum soffit board is board designed for use

on the undersides of eaves, canopies, carports, and other

commercial and residential exterior applications with indirect
exposure to the weather. Soffit board is available in 1/2 or 5/8
-inch thicknesses.
Foil-backed gypsum board has aluminum foil laminated

to the back surface of regular gypsum board or other gypsum

panel products. Foil-backed panels serve as vapor barriers.
Gypsum base for veneer plaster serves as a base for thin

coats of hard, high strength gypsum veneer plaster.

Impact-resistant gypsum panels offer greater resistance

to the impact of solid objects from high traffic and vandalism

than standard gypsum panels.

 Gypsum liner board

Serves as a liner panel in shaft walls, stairwells, chase ways,

area separation fire walls, and corridor ceilings.

It has a special fire-resistant core encased in moistureresistant paper.
Liner board is available in or 1 -inch thicknesses, widths of
24 or 48 inches and with square edges (sometimes eased
square edges).
Gypsum liner board is also available with fiberglass mat
facing that increases its weather and mold resistance .
Mold-resistant board incorporates various methods of

preventing the growth of mold and mildew on the boards

surface.
Non-paper-faced gypsum board is unfaced or has a

facing other than paper.

Regular gypsum board (gypsum wallboard) is used as a

Gypsum sheathing
It is used as a protective fire resistive membrane under exterior

wall surfacing materials such as wood siding, masonry veneer,

stucco and shingles.
It also provides protection against the passage of water and
wind and adds structural rigidity to the framing system. The
noncombustible core is surfaced with water repellent paper; in
addition, it may also have a water resistant core. Available in 2
feet and 4 feet widths, -inch and 5/8 -inch thick.
Gypsum sheathing is also available with a glass mat facing.
This product is more weather resistant and mold resistant than
paper-faced gypsum sheathing.

Sag-resistant board is a ceiling panel that offers

greater resistance to sagging than regular gypsum products
used for ceilings where framing is typically spaced 24 inches
o.c.

INSTALLATION
Use the following procedures to

ensure a successful gypsum board

application:
1. Install ceiling panels first, then the
wall panels.
2. Once cut to size, position gypsum
boards into place without forcing
them.
3. Match similar edges and ends, i.e.:
tapered to tapered, square-cut
ends to square ends.
4. Plan to span the entire length of
ceilings or walls with single boards
if possible to reduce the number of
butt joints, which are more difficult
to finish. Stagger butt joints and
locate them as far from the center
of the wall and ceiling as possible
so they will be inconspicuous.

In residential buildings with ceiling

heights under 81, wallboard is best

installed at right angles
(perpendicular) to framing members
as this orientation of the panels
leaves fewer joints to finish.
On long walls, horizontally attaching
boards of the maximum practical
length will minimize the number of
butt joints.
Avoid using damaged board.
Carefully measure where board ends
and edges will meet corners and
ceilings.
Accurate measuring reveals
irregularities in framing and furring
that require corrective allowances
when cutting boards.
Correct poorly aligned framing before
attaching. To cut gypsum board,
working from the face side , first
score the board by cutting through
the paper to the core with a sharp
knife

Measuring from edge before cutting

board

 In

light
commercial
and
residential
construction,
single-ply
gypsum
board
systems are the most commonly used wall
and ceiling systems. Usually such systems
meet fire resistance and sound control
requirements.

Multi-ply systems have two or more layers of

gypsum board that will typically increase

sound isolation and fire resistive performance.

Multi-ply systems also provide better surface

quality because face layers are often
laminated over base layers, so fewer
fasteners are needed to attach the face layer.
Thus ,surface joints of the face layer are
reinforced by the continuous base layers of
gypsum board.

Nail popping and joint ridging problems are

less frequent, and imperfectly aligned
supports have less effect on the finished
surface.

Smooth all cut edges and ends of the gypsum

board with a rasp or sandpaper, or trim them

with a sharp knife to form neat, tight-fitting
joints when installed. If burrs on the cut ends
are not removed, they will form visible ridges

PYROCELL:
Grounded powder containing an admixture
Forms gas when mixed with water
Expands the mixture to 3- 4 times its volumes
The paste hardens into a light cellular fire resistant mass.
Has good acoustical insulation properties.

OTHER USES OF GYPSUM Hard wall plaster:

Formed by mixing plaster of paris + admixtures(glue,sand..)
Setting time- 1 hr
Can be used for plastering walls
Masonry bricks and blocks
Production of prefabricated structural units
Used in Portland cement and special cement products for set
and expansion control.
As an ingredient in many patching compounds.
It is used with glass to fabricate large, lightweight

architectural decorations.
Gypsum blocks are used for partitions and gypsum tiles

for ceilings.

Thank you!!!