Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
and
Safety Precautions
Prepared by:
Engr. Bryan G. De Mesa
Objectives
Be familiar with the fundamental
concepts of electricity.
Be familiar with the effects of
electricity on the human body.
Be able to recognize common
electrical hazards.
Be familiar with electrical protective
devices.
1a
INTRODUCTION
Electrical Terminology
Concept of Electricity
1b
Concept of Electricity
Voltage
- electrical pressure (water pressure)
Amperage
- electrical flow rate (gallons/min)
Impedance
- restriction to electrical flow (pipe
friction)
1b
Concept of Electricity
Ohms Law
E
I R
I = Current (amperes)
E = Voltage (volts)
R = Resistance (ohms)
Complete
circuits are
needed
2a
Shock occurs
when the body
becomes a
part of the
electrical
circuit
2b
Service Entrance
Service
Service Equipment
Service Equipment
Existing Practice
Location of Disconnecting
Means
Shall not
Circuit protective
devices
5b
Circuit Breakers
Provided to protect EQUIPMENT
not people
Do not reset breakers with a line
voltage higher than 120V and only
reset if you know why it tripped
Location of Circuit
Breakers
Readily Accessible
Pendant, or
Fixture Wiring
Portable lamps,
tools or appliances
Aging
Edges of doors, windows, equipment
frames
Staples or fastenings
Substitute for
fixed wiring
Concealed behind
or attached to
building surfaces
Receptacles
Insertion of an object in any one side does not open the shutter (left), but a
two-bladed plug or grounding plug compresses the Spring and simultaneously
opens both shutters (right)
Grounding
Grounding
Safeguards
against fire
Grounding
4b
Definition of Grounding
Conductor
Grounded Conductor
1d
Grounding Electrode
Proper Grounding
Grounded Properly
Electrical
Grounding
Electric Shock
1a
Human Resistance
Body Area
OHMS
Dry Skin
600,000
Wet Skin
1,000
Internal Organs 400-600
Ear to Ear
100
Fatalities at 50 Volts
50 Volts
1,000 OHM = .05 amps (50 mA)
50 Volts
100 OHM = .5 amps (500 mA)
Effects of Current
1-8 mA = shock, not painful
8-15 mA = Pain
15-20 mA = Muscle contraction
20-100 mA = Severe pain & paralysis
of breathing muscles
100-1000 mA = Ventricular fibrillation
(Usually cause death)
> 1,000 mA = Heart stops
Electricitys
Physiological Effect
00.001 amps
00.015 amps
00.020 amps
00.100
01.200
15.000
Barely felt
let go threshold
Muscular paralysis
Ventricular fibrillation
Dangers of Electrical
Shock
Defibrillator in use
Electrical Burns
Falls
Electric shock
can also
cause indirect
or secondary
injuries
Workers in
elevated
locations who
Overload Hazards
Overhead Powerline
Hazards
Grounding Path
Assured Equipment
Grounding Conductor
program
7b
Assured Equipment
Grounding Conductor
program
7c
Assured Equipment
Grounding Conductor
program
7d
Lockout/Tagout
Electrical equipment
deactivated for repair must be
locked out and tagged at the
point where it can be energized
Lockout/Tagout
Lockout/Tagout
8c
Lockout/Tagout
Guarding requirements
9a
Guarding requirements
Signs should
forbid entrance
except by
qualified persons
9b
Insulation
Check for:
exposed wires
broken wires
scuffed insulation on extension
cords
10a
Dos
Dos and
and
Don'ts
Don'ts
Dos
Dos and
and
Don'ts
Don'ts
Do check the receptacle for
missing or damaged parts.
Do not plug equipment into
defective receptacles.
Do check for frayed, cracked, or
exposed wiring on equipment
cords.
Dos
Dos and
and
Don'ts
Don'ts
Dos
Dos and
and
Don'ts
Don'ts
Dos
Dos and
and
Don'ts
Don'ts
Dos
Dos and
and
Don'ts
Don'ts
Dos
Dos and
and
Don'ts
Don'ts
Myths
Myths and
and
Misconceptions
Misconceptions
Myths
Myths and
and
Misconceptions
Misconceptions
AC reverse polarity is not
hazardous.
It takes high voltage to kill; 120
volts is not dangerous.
Double insulated power tools
are doubly safe and can be used
in wet and damp locations.
Insulation
Use nonconducting
coatings on
hand tools
10b
Personal protective
equipment
11a
Personal protective
equipment
11b
THANK YOU