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Transmission system
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Receiving station.
Distribution system.
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# What is Substation?
A Substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission &
distribution system.
# What is Transmission?
Transmission of voltage: From high to low (Step-down) & the reverse low
to high (Step-up). A Substation that has step-up transformer increase the
voltage while decrease the current, while a step-down transformer decrease
the voltage while increase the current for domestic and commercial
distribution. In general they represent an interface between different level or
section of the power station.
# What is Switching?
It is the connecting and disconnecting of transmission lines or
their components to or form the system. Switching events may
be "Planned" or "Un-planned". A transmission line or their
components may need to be de-energized for maintenance or
for new construction, to maintain reliability of supply or to
isolated the faulted portion in the system in the shortest
possible time.
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n bus -Gi Dci wbfikxj Bus-bar system gives lack of operational flexibility.
hough, the protective relaying is relatively simple, it lacks flexibility and during a
fault, the entire bus is switched off resulting in a major outage.
LINE
BUSBAR
S
ISOLAT
OR
CIRCUIT
BREAKER
LINE
BUS COUPLER
MAIN BUS
TRANSFER BUS
LINE
BUS COUPLER
MAIN BUS
TRANSFER BUS
LINE
BUS COUPLER
MAIN BUS
TRANSFER BUS
LINE
BUS COUPLER
MAIN BUS
TRANSFER BUS
LINE
BUS COUPLER
MAIN BUS
TRANSFER BUS
LINE
BUS COUPLER
MAIN BUS
TRANSFER BUS
LINE
BUS COUPLER
MAIN BUS
TRANSFER BUS
LINE
BUS COUPLER
MAIN BUS
TRANSFER BUS
LINE
BUS COUPLER
MAIN BUS
TRANSFER BUS
LINE
BUS COUPLER
MAIN BUS
TRANSFER BUS
LINE
BUS COUPLER
MAIN BUS
TRANSFER BUS
LINE
BUS COUPLER
MAIN BUS
TRANSFER BUS
LINE
BUS COUPLER
MAIN BUS
TRANSFER BUS
LINE
BUS COUPLER
MAIN BUS
TRANSFER BUS
LINE
BUS COUPLER
MAIN BUS
TRANSFER BUS
LINE
BUS COUPLER
MAIN BUS
TRANSFER BUS
LINE
BUS COUPLER
MAIN BUS
TRANSFER BUS
LINE
Bus
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Bus-2
two identical bus bars are used in such a way that any outgoing or incoming feeder can be taken
from any of the bus similar to double bus bar system. only difference is that here every feeder is
connected to both of the buses in parallel through individual breaker instead only isolator L as
shown in the figure. By closing any of the breakers and its associated isolators, one can put the
feeder to respective bus. Both of the buses are energized and total feeders are divided into two
groups, one group is fed from one bus and other from other bus similar to previous case. But any
feeder at any time can be transferred from one bus to other. There is no need of bus coupler as
because the operation is done by breakers instead of isolator. For transfer operation, one should
first close the isolators and then the breaker associated with the bus to where the feeder would be
transferred and then he or she opens the breaker and then isolators associated with the bus where
feeder is transferred .
Bus-2
In this layout, two circuit have three breakers, the middle breaker ties the two
circuits and hence is called the tie breaker.
One great advantage of breaker and half scheme is that even both the buses are
out of service , power can be transferred from feeder to another.
Feeder
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