BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTOR BASICS

ALPHA BREATHING

Recap

EVOCATION

General objective: Explain the working of BJT construction and

configurations

Specific objective1 : Recall the basics semiconductors and P N

Junctions(Science)

A transistor consists of two PN

junctions. Thus a transistor is like
two PN junction diodes
connected back to back.

Specific objective 2: List the two types of BJT

The BJT Bipolar Junction Transistor

Note: Normally Emitter layer is heavily doped, Base layer is lightly
doped and Collector layer has Moderate doping.

The Two Types of BJT Transistors:

npn
pnp
E

C
C

Cross Section

C
C

Cross Section

B
B

Schematic
Symbol

B
E

Schematic
Symbol

BJT Current Equation

IE
E

VCE +

IC

IE
-

VBE

IB
+

+
B

VBC

E
+
VEB

VEC

IC

C
+

IB

npn

pnp

IE = I B + I C

IE = I B + I C

VCB
-

Specific objective 3: Working of PNP Transistors (E)

Operation of PNP transistor

IC

VcB

++++++++
++++++
VBE

-+++++++
-- - - - -+++++++++

IB

++++++++
++++++
IE

Operation of PNP transistor

Specific objective 3: Working of NPN Transistors (E)

Operation of NPN transistor

Ic

C
Recombination

VCB +

- - - - -- n
- - - - - - - - - -

- Electrons

B
+
+
_

- + -

IB
VBE

- - - - + - -p

- - - - - --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

IE

+ Holes

Transistor Circuit Configurations

Transistor
as
a
Switch
For
switching
applications
transistor is biased to operate in
the saturation or cutoff region.
Transistor in cutoff region will
act as an open switching whereas
in saturation will act as a closed
switch.

Amplifier

Three Possible Configurations of BJT

Biasing the transistor refers to applying voltages to the
transistor to achieve certain operating conditions.
1. Common-Base Configuration (CB) :

input = VEB & IE

output = VCB & IC

2. Common-Emitter Configuration (CE): input = VBE & IB

output= VCE & IC

3. Common-Collector Configuration (CC) :input = VBC & IB

(Also known as Emitter follower)

output = VEC & IE

DISCUSSION

DRAW
MINDMAP

MINDMAP
Regions of operation
Cutoff
Saturation
Active
Reverse active

Types
P TYPE
N TYPE

APPLICATIONS
AMPLIFIERS
OSCILLATORS

Bipolar Junction
Transistor

CC configuration
input characteristics
VCB Vs IE (VCE constant)
VcE Vs IE (IB CONSTANT)

CB configuration
input characteristics
VEB Vs IE (VCb constant)
Vcb Vs IC (IE CONSTANT)

CE CONFIGURATION
CB CONFIGURATION
CC CONFIGURATION

CE configuration
input characteristics
VEB Vs IB (VCE constant)
VcE Vs IC (IBCONSTANT)

SUMMARY

SUMMARY

BJTs have three regions of operation:

1) Active - BJT acts like an amplifier (most common use)
2) Saturation - BJT acts like a short circuit
3) Cutoff - BJT acts like an open circuit

A transistor consists of two PN junctions. Thus a transistor is like two PN

junction diodes connected back to back
Biasing the transistor refers to applying voltages to the transistor to
achieve certain operating conditions.
1. Common-Base Configuration (CB) :
input = VEB & IE
output = VCB & IC

2. Common-Emitter Configuration (CE): input = VBE & IB

output= VCE & IC

3. Common-Collector Configuration (CC) :input = VBC & IB

(Also known as Emitter follower)
output = VEC & IE