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Setiap tahun lebih dari 5 juta Muslimin berkumpul dari seluruh penjuru dunia*
(3.5 juta jamaah Haji & 4.8 juta jamaah Umrah pada tahun 2012, dari 180 negara)
Tahun 2012 Indonesia mengirimkan 212,111 jamaah Haji dan 480,000 jamaah Umrah
Tingkat kepadatan ekstrim dari jamaah memperkuat tingkat resiko kesehatan
Potensi penyebaran penyakit infeksi dikalangan jamaah sudah lama diketahui*
Keluhan yang paling sering dilaporkan para jamaah adalah gejala gangguan
pernafasan bagian atas*
*WHO. International Travel and Health 2011
* SUMBER DATA :
SISKOHATKES 2014
43,37
%
16,46
%
16,94
%
7,20%
3,92%
3,40%
2,83%
2,15%
2,12%
1,61%
11
Kondisi kesehatan
pelancong ke Arab Saudi
untuk Ibadah Haji ke Mekah
Weekly epidemiological record 27 july 2012, 87th year / 27 juillet 2012, 87e No. 30, 2012, 87, 277288 http://www.who.int/wer
Weekly Epidemiological Record (available on line at http://www.who.int/wer/en). Access on Desember 17th 2012
Weekly Epidemiological Record (available on line at http://www.who.int/wer/en). Access on Desember 17th 2012
Access on January 29 2013
Malaysia
Vaxigrip (WAJIB)
Vaksin Meningitis
Vaksin Influenza*
Vaksin pneumonia
16
http://www.tabunghaji.gov.my/bm/berita02-jan2.asp
Influenza
http://helios.bto.ed.ac.uk/bto/microbes/airborne.htm
Batuk-pilek lain/ILI
INFLUENZA
Tanpa demam
Demam >38oC
12
Balkhy HH, Memish ZA, Bafaqeer S, Almuneef MA. Influenza a common viral infection among hajj pilgrims:
Time for routine surveillance and vacination. Journal of Travel Medicine 2004 April;11(02):82-90.
Vaxigrip:
Penelitian pada Jamaah Haji Indonesia
Kabat. Pengaruh vaksinasi influenza pada jamaah Haji Indonesia. Medika 2003 Agustus;29(8):493-500
Kaitan Influenza
dengan Pneumonia
60
40
400
300
20
Number of lab-confirmed
influenza cases
80
200
100
0
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03 04
pneumonia
Hal tsb disebabkan aktivitas virus influenza yang
merusak sel epitel dari nasopharing hingga alveoli.
Keadaan ini menyebabkan bakteri (pneumonia) dapat
dengan mudah melewati pertahanan (barier) imun
tubuh
Morbiditas:
Mortalitas:
Penyebab mortalitas no.1
Mortalitas dapat mencapai 90% dari usila yang terinfeksi
Pneumonia
Penyebab 3-5 kali X terjadinya mortalitas pada usia muda
Dr.Taufik, SpS. Kebijakan teknis pelayanan kesehatan jemaah haji & umroh. KAPUSKESHAJI, Sosialisasi vaksinasi jemaah haji dan umroh
di hotel Ibis Slipi dg KKP Jakarta, Januari 2012
71.2
Figure 4: Age-specific incidence of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in healthy adults versus patients with Chronic
lung disease.
Adapted from Kyaw and al, 2005
Moe H Kyaw. The Influence of Chronic Illnesses on the Incidence of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Adults.
JID 2005;192:377-86
Pneumococcal infections:
52
Merokok :
54
be recommended for:
mainly elderly people
patients with chronic organ failure or particular
immunodeficiencies
prevention of subsequent pneumococcal
infection in patients recovering from proven or
assumed pneumococcal pneumonia
children upon 2 years old at high risk for disease,
such as splenectomised children and those with
sickle-cell disease
World Health Organization. Pneumococcal vaccines. Weekly Epidemiol Rec 1999; 74: 177-184
75
%
84 %
73 %
65 %
Anatomic asplenia
(89,23)
Gagal jantung kongesti
(20,96)
Underlying
disease/condition
(no of isolates from
vaccinated,
unvaccinated subjects)
77 %
20
40
69
%
60
80
100
61
Reduction of Hospitalization
for pneumonia
Reduction of all-cause
mortality
[4] Nichol KL. The additive benefits of influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations during influenza seasons among elderly
persons with chronic lung disease. Vaccine, 1999; 17(suppl 1): S91-3.[5] World Health Organization. 23-valent pneumococcal
polysaccharide vaccine. WHO position paper. Wkly Epidemiol Rec, 2008;83(42):373-84 [8] Centers for Disease Control and
prevention. Department of Health and Human Services. Prevention and Control of Influenza. Recommendations of the
Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2008. MMWR Recomm Rep, 2008;57(RR-7):1-64
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Prefilled
syringes
Ready to
use
2004
(October 28,
) With flu vaccination season coming around, eat-halal.com was once again asked to find out if this year's Canadian influenza (flu) vaccines contain any gelatin. Aventis-Pharma Canada
and ID Biomedical have both confirmed that their vaccines, Vaxigrip and Fluviral respectively, are free of gelatin. (Web posted 10.28.04 @ 11.16 pm EST)
>> Aventis-Pharma Canada: (888) 621-1146 | Web: aventis-pharma.ca
>> ID Biomedical: (888) 382-2246 | Web: idbiomedical.com
http://www.eat-halal.com/updates/2004.shtml