Device

1.ElectricMotor

=
2.HomeOilFurnace =
3.HomeCoalFurnace
=
4.SteamBoiler(powerplant)=
5.PowerPlant(thermal)=
6.AutomobileEngine
=

Efficiency(%)
90
65
55
89
36
25

A coal-fired thermal power station.

1. Cooling tower.
2. Electric generator (3-phase).
3. Condensor.
4. High pressure turbine.
5. Feed heater

6. Boiler drum
7. Superheater
8. Economiser
9. Air preheater
10. Chimney Stack.

DEFINITION OF CRITICAL CONDITION

CRITICAL CONDITION IS THERMODYNAMIC
EXPRESSION DESCRIBING THE STATE OF A
SUBSTANCE BEYOND WHICH THERE IS NO
CLEAR DISTINCTION BETWEEN THE LIQUID
AND GASEOUS PHASE

WHAT IS SUPERCRITICAL PLANT

The power plant which operates above the critical

condition is a SUPER CRITICAL POWER PLANT
Water reaches to this state at a critical pressure
above 22.1 MPa and 374 oC.

Rankine Cycle Supercritical Unit

1 - 2 > CEP work

2 2s > Regeneration

2s - 3 > Boiler Superheating

3 4 > HPT expansion

4 5 > Reheating

5 6 > IPT & LPT Expansion

6 1 > Condenser Heat

rejection

This advanced technology for power

generation

Higher Efficiency,
Clean,
Safe Overall Environment
The development of coal fired supercritical
power plant technology can be described as an
evolutionary advancement towards greater
power output per unit and higher efficiency.

Sub-Critical vs Super Critical

Description

Sub Critical

Super Critical

Full Load Pressure

<190 atm

>240 atm

Flow in Water wall

2-Phase

1-Phase

Cycle efficiency

Base

+ 2 - 3 % Approx

Fuel saving

Base

+8 - 10 % Approx

Boiler weight

Base

+ 10 %

Stages of reheat

2 Preferred

Supercritical power plants are highly efficient

plants with best available pollution control
technology,
Reduces existing pollution levels by burning
less coal per megawatt-hour produced, capturing
the vast majority of the pollutants.
Increases the kWh produced per kg of coal
burned, with fewer emissions.

WHY ADVANCED
SUPERCRITICAL

Efficiency of the Rankine Cycle

increases with increasing Turbine inlet
Temperature and Pressure
Cycle efficiency of typical sub-critical
plant is 38% whereas todays
supercritical technology increases this
to around 45-47%

Coal-fired Supercritical Power plants operate at

very high temperature [580C temp.] & with a
pressure of 23 MPa)
Resulting much higher heat efficiencies (46%),
as compare to Sub-Critical coal-fired plants.
Sub-Critical coal-fired plant operates at 455C
temp., and efficiency of within 40%.

Supercritical & Ultra-Supercritical

Power Plants

BENIFITS:

High Thermal Efficiency

Environment Friendly
Lower fuel cost per unit of power
Run-of-Mine Coal can be directly used

Supercritical & Ultra-Supercritical

Power Plants

Weaknesses:

Materials Limitation
High levels of corrosion
Increased supervision and maintenance
costs
Limited scope for retrofitting opportunities

CONCLUSION

The current state-of-the-art for coal-fired supercritical

steam cycles is 600C/300 bar maximum steam
conditions, with a net thermal efficiency of about 45%
(LHV, based on UK inland conditions). 620C plant are
expected within five years while, in the longer term
(10-20 years). 650-700C is expected, with resulting
cycle efficiencies in the range 50-55%.
Materials limitations are the major factors limiting
further development, with key constraints at the
furnace wall, superheater and reheater outlets, and the
first stages of the HP and IP turbines. Considerable
materials R&D is under way in Europe, Japan and the
USA.

Thank you for your Attention