UNIT-5

HUMAN POPULATION
AND THE
ENVIRONMENT
MAN IS THE CHILD OF
ENVIRONMENT
CONTROL AND ENHANCE
BY MONICA

HUMAN POPULATION
AND DENSITY

POPULATION:
Individual of same species living in a
given area at given time.

Population is estimated using lincoln index

POPULATION DENSITY:
DENSITY
Expressed as number of individuals of
population per unit area or per unit volume.
Density varies in response to environment.

PARAMETERS OF
POPULATION
1.BIRTH RATE OR NATIVITY :
It is the number of birth rate of a year
2.DEATH RATE OR MORTALITY:
MORTALITY

it is the number of deaths rate of a year.

3.IMMIGRATION:
Arrival of individuals from population.
4.EMMIGRATION:
dispersal of individuals from original
population.

POPULATION GROWTH
INDONESIA

USA

USSR

17.69%

27.97%
15.53% 27.72%
5.04%
6.05%

GERMANY

CHINA

INDIA

CAUSES OF
POPULATION GROWTH
The rapid population growth is due to decrease

in death rate & increase in birth rate.

The availability of antibiotics, immunization,
increased food production clean water and air
decreases.
Children are required to help parents in fields
which increases population in countries.

CHARACTERISTICS OF
POPULATION GROWTH
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Exponential growth
Doubling time.
Infant mortality rate.
Total fertility rates.
Replacement level.
male-female ratio.
Demographic transition.

VARIATION OF
POPULATION AGE BASED
BASED ON CLASSES:
Pyramid shaped variation of
population (increase).
Bell shaped variation of population
(stable).
Urn shaped variation of population
(decrease).

POPULATION EXPLOSION
DEFINITON:
The enormous increase in population
due to low death rate and high birth
rate.
DOUBLING TIME:
population explosion is understood by
doubling time
number of years needed for population
to double in size.

CAUSES OF POPULATION
EXPLOSION
Increase of life expectancy is another
important reason for explosion.
Illiteracy is one of reasons for population
explosion.
EFFECTS OF EXPLOSION:
Poverty;
Leads to environmental degradation.
Unemployment and low standard .

FAMILY WELFARE
PROGRAMME
Implemented by government of India .
OBJECTIVES OF FAMILY WELFARE:
Slowing down the population explosion
by reducing the fertility.
pressure on the environment due to over
exploitation of natural resources is
reduced.

FAMILY PLANNING
PROGRAMME
Planning varies from culture to culture.
OBJECTIVES OF FAMILY
PLANNING:
Reduce infant mortality rate below 30 per
1000 infants.
Constrain the spread of AIDS/HIV.
Prevent and control of communal diseases

FERTILITY CONTROL
1. Traditional methods.
includes taboos and folk medicine.
2. Modern methods.
permanent method: done by surgery
(a) tubectomy:female sterilization .
(b) vasectomy: male sterilization.
3. temporary method:
(a) condoms: used by male to prevent
sperms

FAMILY PLANNING IN
INDIA

IN 1952: India started programme.

IN 1970: Indian government forced on
campaign.
IN 1978: Raised the minimum age of
marriage for men and women(18 to
21)(15 to 18)years.
IN 1981: census report showed no
population drop as funds increased.