Emotional

distress-

(extremely upset and

worry)

among teachers :
stress

Introduction

Teachers face challenges from many aspects

such as parents, society, administration and
ministry.
The changes in the educational system bring
great pressure to the teachers.
The emotional distress is the results of
teachers responsibilities in carrying out their
tasks with limited time and misunderstanding
among the collegues

CONCEPT

STRESS is a state of disturbance of

emotions, thoughts and physical means.
Depressed resulted from the problems
faced.
Kyriacou (2000) states teachers stress
refers to unwanted emotional experience
of the teachers such as stress, frustration,
anxiety

Imaginati
ve
Anticipati
on

Here or
Now

Reactive

TYPE
S OF
STRE
SS

Negative

Here or Now
a one-time situation
a teacher in an
argument, meeting,
examination, slip on
stairs and etc.

mindful techniques such as mindful

walking, sitting, eating and movement
(think Qigong). Some of the exercises
involve visual imagery or breathing
techniques. Research has shown that
daily practice of mindfulness can reduce
anxiety and even alleviate depression
when used with other therapies.

Anticipation
Teachers respond to the
events that have been
expected.
During Open Day,
teachers need to face
the parents.

Anticipatory stress describes stress that

you experience concerning the future.
overall sense of dread about the future,
or a worry that "something will go wrong."

Imaginative
Individuals who think and
imagine something horror and
scary and so forth.
For example, afraid of dark and
being alone at home, afraid of
shadow and etc.

Your mind doesnt know the difference

between real and make believe stressors.
When you imagine the pain of loosing
someone close to you, your body will start to
react as if it were really happening right now.
Go ahead and close your eyes and try it.
After that focus on the happiest time of your
life and your mind will redirect your body to
experience what it remembers or you
imagine of that time.

Reactive

Resulted from the previous

events or experience.
Happen naturally and
sometimes can be a
treatment process
For example, the flashback
of losing someone, flashback
on hurtful moments and etc.

Reactive depression is depression that is

caused in reaction to an external event
or circumstance. In other words, it is a
state of depression that people
experience in response to a major
stressor such as a break up, death of a
family member, divorce, break up,
workplace harassment, etc.

Negative
Happen when something
culminates (memuncak)
in period of days, weeks
or years.
Usually happen because
of one reason only.
Example: money

Negative stress is stress that a person

feels they cannot handle. If they have
been feeling this stress for a long time
their body will wear out and they will not
be able to function normally. This can lead
to depression, anxiety, lower self esteem
and other mental health issues.
Negative type of stress is called Distress.
This type of stress negatively affects our
mind and body.

Positive stress is called Eustress and it is

a normal part of our everyday life. This
type of stress positively affects us and
keeps us going. It has a motivational
effect

Eustress, or positive stress, has the following characteristics:

- Motivates, focuses energy
- Is short-term
- Is perceived as within our coping abilities
- Feels exciting
- Improves performance

In contrast, Distress, or negative stress, has the following

characteristics:
Causes anxiety or concern
Can be short- or long-term
Is perceived as outside of our coping abilities
Feels unpleasant
Decreases performance
Can lead to mental and physical problems
It is somewhat hard to categorize stressors into objective
lists of those that cause eustress and those that cause
distress, because different people will have different
reactions to particular situations.

Examples of negative personal stressors

include:
The death of a spouse
Filing for divorce
Losing contact with loved ones
The death of a family member
Hospitalization (oneself or a family member)
Injury or illness (oneself or a family member)
Being abused or neglected
Legal problems

Separation from a spouse or committed relationship

partner
Conflict in interpersonal relationships
Bankruptcy/Money Problems
Unemployment
Sleep problems
Children's problems at school

Examples of positive personal stressors include:

Receiving a promotion or raise at work
Starting a new job
Marriage
Buying a home
Having a child
Moving
Taking a vacation
Holiday seasons
Retiring
Taking educational classes or learning a new hobby

Being evaluated by other parties

Self-concept and status
Pressure from administration
Roles conflict and indefinite task
Working environment that is nor conductive

Research from NUTP (National Union of

Teaching Profession proved that
69 % of teachers have
emotional distress resulted
from
pressure from parents and
students (83 %)
work burden (79 %)
promotion prospect(74 %)
unfair evaluation (72 %)

The causes of teacher

stress
(Dunham & Varma,
Teaching demotivated students
1998)
Maintaining the discipline in the classroom
and school
Time and work pressure
Managing changes

Signs of Stress

Cognitive

Emotiona
l

Behaviou
r

Physical

physical
tense muscle and joint pain
constipation and diarrhea
headache
dizzy
chest pain

cognitivism
Memory problems
distracted / cannot focus
inaccurate evaluation
often feel anxious
negativism

Emosional
Moody
easily get agry
anxious / restless / uneasy
feels like crying
feels lonely and depressed
sad

physical
Proble with bowel or digestive systems
Rapid heartbeat
Ulcer
Loss of sexual desire or ability
Frequently got colds or infection

behavioural
eating disorder
insomnia or sleep more
isolation
irresponsible

behavoral
Smoking, drug and alcohol abuse
Anxiety movements (biting nails,
scratching, move front and backwards)

Stress effects
POSITIVES
Source of self
motivation
Positive change
Personal excellence
Work harder
Personal
competition
Optimism
Self confidence

NEGATVES
Declining
performance
Restless
Lost patience
Feel guilty
Low self-esteem

Is it
moving?

Fast

???

Optical Illusion

Slow
???

There is a very, very tall coconut

tree and there are 4 animals.
King Kong, an Ape, an Orangutan
and a Monkey pass by.
They decide to compete to see who
is the fastest to get a banana off the
tree.
Who do you guess will win?
Your answer will reflect your
personality.
Think carefully . . . Try and answer
within 30 seconds

Orang
Utan

Ape
Monkey

King Kong

If your answer is:

Orangutan= you're sick
Ape= you need a break
Monkey = worse, you suppose to be
in the hospital right now..
King Kong= I think you better take 1
year med leave..
Why?!?!?!?!?

A Coconut tree doesn't have bananas!

Obviously you're stressed and
overworked.
Take some time off and relax!

CONCLUSION
Every human being cannot escape
from the life test. Rest assured that
for every problem there is a solution,
provided that people are strong
enough to face all tests

Work and employment concerns such as those

listed below are also frequent causes of
distress:

Excessive job demands

Job insecurity
Conflicts with teammates and supervisors
Inadequate authority necessary to carry out tasks
Lack of training necessary to do the job
Making presentations in front of colleagues or clients
Unproductive and time-consuming meetings
Commuting and travel schedules

Common internally caused sources of distress

include:
Fears: (e.g., fears of flying, heights, public
speaking, chatting with strangers at a party)
Repetitive Thought Patterns:
Worrying about future events (e.g., waiting for
medical test results or job restructuring)
Unrealistic, perfectionist expectations

Habitual behavior patterns that can lead

to stress include:

Overscheduling
Failing to be assertive
Procrastination and/or failing to
plan ahead

THANK YOU