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AND
COUPLES
Moment of Force
SMALL MOMENT
The distance from the
fulcrum to the line of
action of force is very
small
LARGE MOMENT
The distance from the
fulcrum to the line of
action of force is large
(Cont)
Example 3.1
Calculate the moment about point A in
Figure 3.2. Notice that the perpendicular
distance can be measured to the line of
action of the force.
M=(F) (d)
= + (50) (3)
M= 150 lb-ft ( )
3
A
Figure 3.2
Example 3.2
MO = (100 N) (2 m) = +200 Nm
Example 3.2
MO = (-60 lb) (1 sin 45 ft)
= -42.4 lb.ft
MO = (-7 kN) (4 m 1 m)
= 21.0 kNm
Principle of moment
F
Fx
dx
MA=Fd
dy
A
MA=-Fy(d2)+Fx(d1)
Example 3.3
A 200 N force acts on the bracket shown in Figure.
Determine the moment of the force about point A.
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
COUPLES
Example:
20
5 lb
Total moment
= -50 + (-50)
= -100lb.in
5 lb
MA=-(10N)(4m)-(10N)
(2m)
=-40-20
=-60 N.m
=60N.m
Mb=-(10N)(11m)(10N)(5m)
=-110+50
=-60 N.m
=60N.m
Example 3.4
Moment in
3Dimensional
Vector analysis
For example: i j = k
FZ -
rZ Fy) i - (r x Fz - rz Fx ) j + (rx Fy - ry Fx ) k
Example
since MA = rB x F or MA = rc x F
rB = {1i + 3j + 2k} m
and
rC = {3i + 4j} m
F = (60 N) uF = (60
N)( 2)2 ( 1)2 (2)2
i
j
= {-40i 20j + 40k} N
MA =rB x F = 1
3
-40
-20
k
2
40
In the figure above, the moment about the y-axis would be My= 20
(0.3) = 6 Nm. However this calculation is not always trivial and
vector analysis may be preferable
Example
Example 3.5
and a direction of
FR (FR x )2 (FRy )2 (382.8)2 (882.8)2 962 N
FRy
882.8
tan 1
66.6
F
382.8
Rx
tan 1
+ MRA = MA
MRA = 100 N (0) + 600 N (0.4m) + (400 sin 45)
(0.8 m) + (400 cos 45) (0.3 m)
= 551 Nm
Example (Equivalent
resultant force and
moment)
Acouple
structural member
is subjected to a couple moment M
and forces F1 and F2 as shown in Fig. below. Replace
this system by an equivalent resultant force and couple
moment acting at its base, point O.
Moment Summation
MRO = MC + MO
MRO = M + rC x F1 + rB x F2
MRO = (-400j + 300k) + (1k) x (-800k)
i
j
k
-0.15
0.1 1
- 249.6 166.4 0
Exercise 3:
Replace the three forces shown with an equivalent
force-couple system at A.
F1
F2
F3
3
tan 36.87 o
4
Rx Fx
1
Ry Fy
uuu
r uur
M 1 FB d
100 N 360 mm
36000 N-mm
uuur uuur
M 2 FOx d
600 N 160 mm
96000 N-mm
Fy component is 0 since in line with A.
uuur
uuu
r
MB Mi
uuu
r uuur uuu
r
M1 M 2 M 3
r
r
r
36000 N-mm k 96000 N-mm k 0 N-mm k
r
132000 N-mm k
M = 132 Nm