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DEVELOPMENT
Diagonal line of
extraction
ADVANTAGES :
1. Less capital investment
2. Coal is produced both in development and
depillaring
3. The Development stage reveals the geological
disturbances enabling the management to plan the
workings accordingly.
4. Surface features can be protected by partial
extraction.
5. The system is not dependent upon the completion of
specific operations by the end of each shift, and the
same operations are continued from one working shift
to the next. Multiple shift getting with all its
advantages is easily possible.
DISADVANTAGES :
1. Ventilation is sluggish.
2. % of extraction is less when compared with Longwall
3. Scattered workings thus creating problems of
supervision.
4. Risk of spontaneous heating is more.
5. Constant flitting of machinery from place to place.
6. At greater depth it is not possible.
LONGWALL MINING :
Longwall method of working consists of laying out long faces 60-200m
long) from which all coal in working section of seam is removed by a
series of operations, maintainng a continuous line of advance in one
direction and caving/stowing behind the void.
Two types of Longwall mining : ( i) Advancing (ii) Retreating
Applicability : (i) Thin seams ( as thin as 0.7m ) (ii) Seams with dirt bands
and friable roof (iii) Contiguous seams (iv) Seams at greater depths (v)
seams which are to be mechanised for large planning outputs.
Advantages :
(i) High production and less manpower (ii) Better roof control (iii)
concentration of workings (iv) Maximum extraction percentage (v)
Good ventilation (vi) Seams liable for spontaneous heating can be
satisfactorily worked by this system.
Disadvanges :
(i) High capital investment (ii) A rigid cycle of operations has to be
followed hence having an effect on the output. (iii) Problems in
overcoming unexpected faults/intrusions.(iv) High salvage cost etc.
Longwall Technology
TOP
Gate
FACE
Direction of retreat
Bottom
Gate
Longwall Machinery
Supports
Face Conveyor
Shearer
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