Seismic Analysis RC Buildings STAAD ETABS IS1893

Seismic Analysis/Design of
Multi-storied RC Buildings
using STAAD.Pro & ETABS
according to IS:1893-2002
Presented by
.
Rahul Leslie
Assistant Director,
Buildings Design,
DRIQ, Kerala PWD
Trivandrum, India
1
Topics Covered:
Computer modelling and analysis using
STAAD.Pro & ETABS for
Seismic Coefficient method as per IS:1893
(Part 1)-2002
Response Spectrum method as per
IS:1893(Part 1)-2002
Miscellaneous points
2
Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
Presented by Rahul Leslie
Aspects of Computer Model:

Modelling is done using analysis packages like
STAAD.Pro, STRAP, NISA Des. Studio, ETABS,
GT STRUDL, RISA-3D, MIDAS-Gen, etc.
Model contains
Beams
Columns
Shear walls
But not usually

Slabs (except in Flat slab - Shear wall construction)
Masonry wall infills
Stair slabs
Foundation is represented by support points only

3
4
Model for ETABS: B+G+4=6 stories
5
ETABS Model
6
ETABS Model
7
8
Model for STAAD: G+4 = 5 stories

9
STAAD Model
10
STAAD Model
11
Aspects of Computer Model (Cont)

A model must ideally represent the complete three
dimensional (3D) characteristics of the building,
including
geometry
stiffness of various members
supports
load distribution
mass distribution
12
Beams and columns

Beams and columns are modelled by frame elements
Plinth beams should also be modelled as beams
Slabs are not usually modelled
13
Supports:
The type of support to be provided is decided by
considering the degree of fixity provided by the
foundation.
Fixed Supports:
Raft foundation: Support to be provided at the column
ends (located at top of the raft)
Pile cap for multiple piles: Support to be provided at the
column ends (located at top of the pile cap)
Isolated footing: When it is founded on hard rock, the
column end may be modelled as fixed (located at the top
of the footing)
Single pile: Fixed support of the column is recommended
at a depth of five to ten times the diameter of pile,
depending upon the type of soil, from the top of pile cap.
14
Supports (cont):
Pinned supports:
Isolated footing: Support to be provided at the column
ends, (located at the bottom of the foundation).
Spring supports:
Spring supports can be provided with spring constants ,
eg., as per ASCE/SEI 41(2006)
In General
Engineering judgement must be exercised in modelling the
support
15
Slabs and Masonry walls

The weight of slabs are distributed, as 2-way load, on
the supporting beams.
The weight of masonry walls are applied as uniform
load on the supporting beam
16
Slabs and Masonry walls

Since the slabs are not modelled by plate elements, the
structural effect due to their in-plane stiffness (7.7.2.1,
IS:1893(Part 1)-2002) can be taken into account by
using Master/Slave option (STAAD.Pro)
assigning Diaphragm action (ETABS , STAAD.Pro V8i
Sel.4)
17
Assign diaphragms: select all slabs in a storey and
ETABS: Floor Diaphragm

18

19

20
STAAD: Floor Diaphragm

21
STAAD: Floor Diaphragm

22
Shear walls
Structural shear walls and Shear core which are
integrally connected to the frame and floor slabs, can
be modelled by plate elements
Surface elements (STAAD.Pro)
Wall element (ETABS)
23
Analysis as per IS:1893-2002

Seismic Coefficient Method
(Static Analysis)
24
Static analysis:
The Design horizontal seismic coefficient Ah is
calculated from (6.4.2, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002)
Zone factor Z (Table 2, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002)

Importance factor I (Table 6, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002)
Response reduction coefficient R (Table 7, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002)
Horizontal Acceleration coefficient Sa/g
25
Static analysis:
Where the Horizontal acceleration Sa/g is determined
from the Response spectrum curve (Fig.2, IS:1893(Part 1)2002)
26
Static analysis (cont):
27
28
Static analysis:
The time period of the structure is determined using
(7.6.1 & 7.6.2, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002)
RC frames without brick infills

h = height of building in m
RC frames with brick infills

d = base dimension in m
(parallel to direction of earthquake)
29

Where the type of soils are
Type I (Rock or Hard soil): N > 30, among other descriptions
Type II (Medium soils): 10 N 30 for all soils
N >15 for poorly graded, among
other descriptions
Type III (Soft soils): N < 10
(Table 1, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002)
30
Cl.6.4.4, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002

31
Static analysis:
Importance factor (Table 6, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002)

I = 1.5 for special buildings
I = 1.0 for other buildings
Response reduction factor (Table 7, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002)

R = 3 for ordinary detailing (with ordinary detailed shear
wall, if any)
R = 5 for ductile detailing (with ductile detailed shear wall, if
any) ie., as per IS:13920-1993
R = 4 for ductile detailing with ordinary detailed shear wall
R = 4.5 for ordinary detailing with ductile detailed shear wall
32
The base shear is determined by (7.5.3, IS:1893(Part 1)2002)
Design lateral force for each level is determined by

(7.7.1, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002)
33
A Simple Example
A six storied structure
34
Lumped mass model

35
height
Period
18 m
0.075x(18)0.75 = 0.6554 sec (Assumed to be open structure)
36
height
18 m
Period
0.6554 sec
Sa/g
1.5258
Ah
0.0407 = (ZI)/(2R) x sa/g

= (0.16*1)/(2*3) * 1.5258
W (kN)
h (m)
Wh2
W*(Wh2/
Wh2)
23.57
212.13
1.5541
0.0632
23.57
848.52
6.2163
0.2529
23.57
1909.17
13.9866
0.5691
23.57
12
3394.08
24.8651
1.0117
23.57
15
5303.25
38.8516
1.5807
23.57
18
7636.68
55.9464
2.2763
19303.83
141.42 kN
5.7539 kN
Levels
141.42
(kN)
Vb
5.7539
(kN)
Qi (kN)
37
The forces are applied
and analysed
38
39
Seismic Coeff. method

ETABS:
Define & Apply Seismic
parameters:
Direction
T
Z, I, R
Soil Type
STAAD:
Define Seismic parameters:
Z, I, R
Structure Type or
Tx & Tz
Soil Type
Damping ratio
Apply
Direction (X, Y,Z), factor
40
ETABS: Seismic coeff. method

41
STAAD: Seismic coeff. method

42
STAAD: Seismic coeff. method

43
Masses to be included:
For seismic analysis, the effective masses to be
included for analysis are :
Full dead load
0.25 times Imposed Loads having intensity 3 kN/m2
0.5 times Imposed Loads having intensity > 3 kN/m2
Imposed Load on roof need not be considered
(7.3.1,7.3.2 & Table 8, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002)
Live load reduction for upper floors (as per 3.2, IS:875(Part 2)
- 1987) shall not be applied further for mass calculation
(7.3.3, IS:1893(Part 1) - 2002)
44
Add Seismic Masses

EATBS
Select loads to
combine
STAAD
Add self wt., Joint
loads, Member loads,
Floor loads
OR
Put lumped mass
45
Define Mass Source:-
ETABS: Seismic masses

46
STAAD: Seismic masses

47

48

49

50

51
STAAD.Pro V8i SELECT 4

52
53
Results of Seismic Analysis

Bending Moment & Shear Force
Gravity Loads Bending Moment

Gravity Loads Shear Force
Seismic Loads Bending Moment
Seismic Loads Shear Force
54
Load combinations: will be covered later

55
ETABS: Run Analysis

56
ETABS: Gravity Loads Bending Moment

57
ETABS: Gravity Loads Shear Force

58
ETABS: Seismic Force in Z direction Bending Moment

59
ETABS: Seismic Force in Z direction Shear Force

60
STAAD: Run Analysis

61
STAAD: Gravity Loads Bending Moment

62
STAAD: Gravity Loads Shear Force

63
STAAD: Seismic force in Z direction Bending Moment

64
STAAD: Seismic force in Z direction Shear Force

65
Analysis as per IS:1893-2002

Response Spectrum Method
(Dynamic Analysis)
66
Response spectrum analysis:

Response spectrum analysis is performed using multimode responses, where the free vibration modes are
computed using
Eigen vector analysis (STAAD.Pro)
Eigen vector or Ritz Vector analysis (ETABS)
The modal parameters for a structure come as pairs of

Natural Frequency f (in Hz)
Mode shape
The modal parameters for few of the lower frequencies

are considered for further calculations (7.8.4.2,
IS:1893(Part 1)-2002), based on the following;
Modes for frequencies > 33 Hz need not be considered
The no. of modes considered should be such that the total
mass participation factor should be at least 90%
Missing mass correction for modes beyond 33Hz
67
Response spectrum analysis (cont):
For the modal parameters considered, the following

factors are determined for each mode
Mode participation factor of each mode Pk
Mass participation factor for each mode Mk
Spectral Acceleration coefficient (Sa/g)
The Design horizontal seismic coefficient Ah is

calculated for each mode from (6.4.2, IS:1893(Part 1)2002)
Zone factor Z
Importance factor I
Response reduction coefficient R
Seismic
AnalysisSpectral
of Multi-storiedAcceleration
RC Building
coefficient S /g
68

Where the Horizontal acceleration Sa/g is determined
from the Response spectrum curve (Fig.2, IS:1893(Part 1)2002)
69
The lateral force due to the modal response

(considering the mode participation factor) is obtained
for each mode of all the modes considered. The the
force at each level for each mode is calculated as
(7.8.4.5 (c), IS:1893(Part 1)-2002):
Where
Ak is the design horizontal seismic coefficient
ik is the mode shape value for that floor level
Pk is mode participation factor
Wi is mass at that floor level
70
The Same Simple Example

A six storied structure
71
Lumped mass model

72
Natural Frequencies
EIGEN VALUES
MODAL ANALSYS
EIGEN VECTORS
Mode Shapes
73
Different types of modes: 1.Translational mode in X direction
74
Different types of modes: 2.Translational mode in Y direction
75
Different types of modes: 3.Torsional mode
76
Mode 1
Freq. = 1.44119 Hz
Period = 0.69387 sec
Mode shape =
0
0.1513
0.3687
0.5796
0.7631
0.9059
1
77
Mode 2
Freq. = 4.51039 Hz
Period = 0.22171 sec
Mode shape =
0
-0.5293
-1
-0.9604
-0.4110
0.36629
0.98395
78
Modes
Levels
II
III
IV
Mode Shapes
1
0.151
-0.53
0.824
-1
0.369
-1
0.861
-0.047
-0.836
0.58
-0.96
-0.24
0.999
0.027
0.763
-0.41
-1
-0.265
0.813
0.906
0.366
-0.38
-0.902
-0.989
0.984
0.804
0.606
0.415
Period
(sec)
0.694
0.222
0.123
0.085
0.065
Freq(Hz)
1.441
4.51
8.098
11.78
15.31
79
Check Mass Participation (7.8.4.5(a), IS:1893(Part 1)-2002)

For kth mode,
Where, n = no. of levels

m = no. of modes
Mode
Mk(kN)
II
III
IV
115.5
16.31
5.424
2.686
1.237
Participating mass =115.5+16.31+5.424+2.686+1.237=141.183kN

Total mass = 23.57 x 6 = 141.42 kN
Mass participation = 100x141.183/141.42 = 99.8326% > 90% .:Okay
80
Calculate Mode Participation factors (7.8.4.5(b), IS:1893(Part 1)-2002)

For kth mode,
Where, n = no. of levels

Mode
Pk
II
III
IV
1.30049
-0.44635
0.26529
-0.18718
0.12223
81
Calculate Mode Participation factors
=
+
+
+
x 0.12223
x -0.18718
x 0.26529
x -0.44635
x 1.30049
82
Calculate Mode Participation factors
(Had all the mode

shapes been utilized)
83
Modes
II
III
IV
0.1513
-0.5293
0.8237
-1
23.57
3.566
-12.48
19.415
-23.57
23.57
0.3688
-1
0.8614
-0.0466
-0.8364
23.57
8.692
-23.57
20.303
-1.097
-19.71
0.5796
-0.9604
-0.239
0.999
0.0268
23.57
13.66
-22.64
-5.6354
23.547
0.631
0.7631
-0.4111
-1
-0.2653
0.8128
23.57
17.99
-9.689
-23.57
-6.253
19.16
0.906
0.3663
-0.382
-0.9023
-0.9892
23.57
21.35
8.6335
-9.0113
-21.27
-23.32
0.984
0.8038
0.6064
0.4154
23.57
23.57
23.192
18.946
14.292
9.791
88.83
-36.55
20.447
-14.35
10.12
Mk
115.5
16.313
5.4243
2.6859
1.2369
W2
Pk
1.300
-0.4464
0.2653
-0.1872
0.1222
0.54
6.6043
15.992
23.57
23.57
3.206
23.57
17.488
0.0511
16.49
7.919
21.74
1.3474
23.524
0.017
13.73
3.9826
23.57
1.659
15.57
19.34
3.1623
3.4452
19.19
23.07
23.57
22.819
15.228
8.6658
4.067
68.3
81.879
77.072
76.66
82.78
84
Period
Sa/g
0.693
0.221
0.123
0.084
0.065
1.4411
2.5
2.5
1.1273
1.0979
85
Calculate Design horizontal seismic coefficient
Z = Zone factor
I = Importance factor
R = Response reduction coefficient
Period
0.693
0.221
0.123
0.084
0.065
Sa/g
1.441
2.5
2.5
1.1273
1.0979
0.0384
0.0667
0.0667
0.0300
0.0292
Ah
= 0.16
=1
=3
86
Calculate horizontal force due to each mode
Eg: - for mode 1 :

0.0384
x 1.30049 x
0.151
23.57
0.178
0.369
23.57
0.434
0.58
23.57
0.683
0.763
23.57
0.899
0.906
23.57
1.067
23.57
1.178
kN
87
Combining Modes:
(a) Indirect method
(Supported by all codes
IS, BS, EC, etc.)
88
Calculate horizontal force due to each mode
Mode
II
III
IV
2 0.178 0.371 0.343
0.133
0.084
3 0.434 0.701 0.359
0.006 -0.071
Levels
1
Qik (kN)
0
4 0.683 0.674
-0.1 -0.133
5 0.899 0.288
-0.42
6 1.067
-0.26
-0.16
7 1.178
-0.69 0.335
0.035
0.002
0.069
0.12 -0.083
-0.08
0.035
89
From each mode characteristics
90
Calculate horizontal force due to each mode apply and
91
Analyse for forces, and combine the forces to get final forces
92
Analyse for forces, and combine the forces to get final forces
93
Combining Modes:
(a) Direct method
(Supported by FEMA 356, etc.
for Non-linear Static Analysis*)
*Pushover Analysis
94
Calculate horizontal force due to each mode and combined
Mode
II
III
IV
SRSS
2 0.178 0.371 0.343
0.133
0.084
0.559
3 0.434 0.701 0.359
0.006 -0.071
0.903
Levels
1
Qik (kN)
0
4 0.683 0.674
0.002
0.973
0.069
1.035
0.12 -0.083
1.119
-0.1 -0.133
5 0.899 0.288
-0.42
6 1.067
-0.26
-0.16
7 1.178
-0.69 0.335
0.035
-0.08
0.035
1.409
Eg: - for level 7:

SRSS = [(1.178)2 + (-0.69)2 + (0.335)2 + (-0.08)2 + (0.035)2] = 1.409
95
Calculate horizontal force due to each mode and combined
96
and analysed
97
Indirect method
Direct method
98
Combination of modal responses with

(1) Dominant mode:
When activated, all modal combination results will

have the same sign as the dominant mode shape alone
would have if it were excited and then the scaled
results were used as a static displacements result.
(2) Signed value:
This option results in the creation of signed values for

all results. The sum of squares of positive values from
the modes are compared to sum of squares of negative
values from the modes. If the negative values are
larger, the result is given a negative sign.
99
Methods of mode combinations

IS:1893 and other sources
100
Mode frequencies an overview:

Out-of-phase modes
OR
In-phase modes
ZPA
Periodic Response
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
1.441 4.51 8.098 11.782 15.309 17.908
OR
Rigid Response
VII
VIII
69.357 103.083 (Hz)
33 Hz
93.223 %
99.922 %
Modal Combination
(ABS, SRSS,CQC, etc.)
0.077 %
Missing Mass
Correction
Combination of
Periodic and Rigid modes
(Lindley-Yow, Hadjian, etc. )
101
Combination of modal responses:

1. Absolute Combination (ABS)
The modal responses of all the individual modes are

summed up (to be used in modal combination as per
IS:1893-1984) :
Eg. for level 7,
ABS = 1.178 + -0.69 + 0.335 + -0.08 + 0.035 = 2.318
102
Combination of modal responses (cont):

2. Square Root of Sum of Squares (SRSS)
The modal responses are squared, summed, and the root of

the sum taken:
Eg. for level 7,
SRSS = [(1.178)2 + (-0.69)2 + (0.335)2 + (-0.08)2 + (0.035)2] = 1.409
103

3. Combination of ABS and SRSS (ABS&SRSS)
The weighted sum of ABS and SRSS is taken

The method was prescribed in IS:1893-1984 (4.2.2.2, IS:18931984), removed in IS:1893(Part 1)-2002
Values for are given by table

Intermediate values can be
obtained by interpolation
Note: 1 + 2 = 1
Eg. for level 7,
H (m)
20
0.6
0.4
40
0.4
0.6
60
0.2
0.8
90
0.0
1.0
ABS&SRSS = 0.6 x 2.318 + 0.4 x 1.408 = 1.954
104

4. Out-of-phase response combination
This is a general category of methods, which includes CQC

and SRSS
The general equation is
where ij is the cross modal coefficient

a) SRSS method
SRSS can be represented as

ij = 1 for i=j
= 0 for ij
105

5. Out-of-phase response combination (cont..)
b) Complete Quadratic Combination (CQC)
The CQC equation prescribed by IS:1893-2002 is (7.8.4.4,

IS:1893(Part 1)-2002)
where is the damping ratio ( 0.05 for RCC)

and = j/i
106
Response spectrum method

ETABS
Define Seismic
parameters:
Zone
Soil Type
Apply Seismic
parameters
Damping ratio
Method of comb (SRSS,
CQC, etc.)
Method of Dir. Comb
Direction (X, Y, Z)
I, R
STAAD
Define& apply Seismic
parameters:
Damping ratio
Method of comb (SRSS,
CQC, etc.)
Soil Type
Direction (X, Y, Z)
Scale (= Z.I / 2.R)
Normalization Scale (= 9.8)
107
ETABS: Define Response Spectrum

108
Scale factor = gI/(2R)

= 9.81*1/(2*5)
= 0.981
ETABS: Apply Response Spectrum

109
110
111
ZI / 2R = 0.024
STAAD: Response Spectrum

112
STAAD: Response Spectrum

113
114
115
Directional Combination of
Modal Responses
116
Directional combination of modal responses:
As per IS:1893, directional combination need to be

done only when the lateral load resisting members
are not oriented along horizontal orthogonal
directions (6.3.2.2, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002)
117
Directional combination of modal responses:

1. SRSS Method (6.3.4.2, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002)
The method combines the directional components by

SRSS method. The method is prescribed in IS:1893-2002
as an alternative to SAS method
2. Scaled Absolute Sum method (SAS)
The method combines the directional components by sum

of values in one direction, with 0.3 times the sum of values
in the other directions (6.3.4.1, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002)
118
No. of Modes & Missing mass

correction
119
Mode frequencies an overview:

Out-of-phase modes
OR
In-phase modes
ZPA
Periodic Response
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
1.441 4.51 8.098 11.782 15.309 17.908
OR
Rigid Response
VII
VIII
69.357 103.083 (Hz)
33 Hz
93.223 %
99.922 %
Modal Combination
(ABS, SRSS,CQC, etc.)
0.077 %
Missing Mass
Correction
120
Missing Mass Correction :
ZPA
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
1.441 4.51 8.098 11.782 15.309 17.908
VII
VIII
69.357 103.083 (Hz)
33 Hz
99.922 %
0.077 %
Missing Mass = 0.077% of total mass

Zero Period Acceleration (3.11, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002) = 1.6
121
Missing Mass Correction :
ZPA
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
1.441 4.51 8.098 11.782 15.309 17.908
VII
VIII
69.357 103.083 (Hz)
33 Hz
99.922 %
0.077 %
Missing Mass = 0.077% of total mass

Zero Period Acceleration, (Sa/g)ZPA = 1.6 (3.11, IS:1893(Part 1)2002)
Horizontal acceleration coefficient, Ah
122
Missing Mass Correction (cont):
Lateral force, QR is given by
where
Mmiss.mass is the missing mass
Mk(ZPA) is sum of Participating
masses up to ZPA
123
0
4.6285
Storey wise Mass Participation for 1st mode
11.310
17.778
23.387
27.771
30.652
For 1st mode, Mk =
0+4.6285+11.310+17.778+23.387+27.771+30.652 = 115.52
Thus, storey wise Mass Participation can be obtained for each mode,
from which the total storey wise Mass Participation,
and consequently, the storey wise Missing Mass can be determined.
124
Ah =
Storey wise
Missing mass
(kN)
0.16 x 1
2x3
X (1.6) = 0.04266
0.0155
0.0155
0.0006
0.0243
0.0243
0.0010
0.0256
:. 0.04266 x
0.0256
0.0010
0.0234
0.0234
0.0010
0.0151
0.0151
0.0006
0.0047
0.0047
0.0002
Results
SRSS
Final
Results
0
0.5755
Results
0.9114
QP =
0.9741
1.0422
1.116
1.4002
125
Set number of modes & Check mass

participation
(2.8.4.2, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002)
Consider as many no. of modes so as to have a
total Participating Mass, (Mk) > 90%
One shouldnt consider modes having
frequencies > 33 Hz
In case one has considered modes up to 33Hz, but
still hasnt obtained (Mk) > 90%, the only option
is a Missing Mass correction
126
Set number of Modes & check Mass

Participation
ETABS & STAAD
Increase no. of modes
Check output tables to see
Modes at which participating mass > 90%
Mode having freq. > 33Hz
Set no. of modes to be considered, accordingly

If all modes are considered up to 33Hz, but still
hasnt obtained (Mk) > 90%, apply Missing Mass
Correction
127
ETABS: Set no. of modes

128
129
ETABS: Check mass participation

130

131

132

133
Set this to mode

for 33 Hz cut-off
freq.

134
STAAD: Check mass participation

135

136

137

138

139
Base Shear Correction
140
When dynamic method is followed :

When dynamic analysis is done, a static analysis is
also to be done and base shears compared (7.8.2,
IS:1893(Part 1)-2002)
If
scale all forces in the ratio as
141
142
Base shear correction

Do analysis with seismic coeff. method
Base shear = Vb(Stat.Anal)
Do analysis with Resp. Spec. method

Base shear = Vb(Dyn.Anal)
Is Vb(Dyn.Anal) >= Vb(Stat.Anal) ?

If yes (Vb(Dyn.Anal) >= Vb(Stat.Anal)) No problem
If no (Vb(Dyn.Anal) < Vb(Stat.Anal)) scale resp. spec. results by
[Vb(Stat.Anal) / Vb(Dyn.Anal)] > 1
143
ETABS: Base shear correction

144

145

146
VB(Dyn.Anal) = 1607kN
VB(Stat.Anal) = 1769kN
VB(Dyn.Anal) < VB(Stat.Anal)
:.VB(Stat.Anal)/ VB(Dyn.Anal) = 1769/1607
= 1.1 (STAAD)
New Coeff. = Coeff.*1.1
= 0.981*1.1 = 1.08
(ETABS)
147

148
STAAD: Base shear correction

149
Seismic Load Combinations
150
ETABS: Load combination

151
STAAD: Load combination

152
Design Combinations
Service Combinations
STAAD: Load combination

153
Load Combinations:
The analysis results are to be combined using the
following load combinations for RC structures
(6.3.1.2, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002, Table 18, IS:4562000) :
Design Combinations:-
Service Combinations:-
COMB-I = 1.5(DL+LL)#
COMB-II = 1.2(DL+LLEL)#
COMB-III = 1.5(DLEL)
COMB-IV = 0.9DL1.5EL*
COMB-I = 1.0(DL+LL)
COMB-II = 1.0DL+0.8(LLEL)
Where EL represents ELx and Ely

Live load reduction for upper floors as per 3.2, IS:875(Part 2)-1987 not to
be included (Note 6, 8.1, IS:875(Part 5)-1987), but reduction as per Table
8, IS:1893 shall be used (7.3.3, IS:1893 (Part 1)-2002)
*To be considered when stability against overturning or stress reversal is
critical (foot note to Table 18, IS:456-2000)
154
#
Load Combinations (cont):

Design Combinations:
COMB1 = 1.5(DL+LL)
COMB2 = 1.2(DL+LL+ELx)
COMB3 = 1.2(DL+LL ELx)
COMB4 = 1.2(DL+LL+ELy)
COMB5 = 1.2(DL+LL ELy)
COMB6 = 1.5(DL+ELx)
COMB7 = 1.5(DL ELx)
COMB8 = 1.5(DL+ELy)
COMB9 = 1.5(DL ELy)
COMB10 = 0.9DL+1.5ELx
COMB11 = 0.9DL 1.5ELx
COMB13 = 0.9DL+1.5ELy
COMB14 = 0.9DL 1.5ELy
Service Combinations:
COMB1 = 1.0(DL+LL)
COMB2 = 1.0DL+0.8(LL+ELx)#
COMB3 = 1.0DL+0.8(LL ELx) #
COMB4 = 1.0DL+0.8(LL+ELy) #
COMB5 = 1.0DL+0.8(LL ELy) #
COMB6 = 1.0(DL+ELx) #
COMB7 = 1.0(DL ELx) #
COMB8 = 1.0(DL+ELy) #
COMB9 = 1.0(DL ELy) #
# Use enhanced SBC for these

cases (6.3.5.2 & Table 1,
IS:1893(Part 1)-2002)
155
Permissible Increase in SBC of soil :(6.3.5.2 & Table 1, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002)

Type I :
Hard Soil
(N > 30)
Type II :
Medium Soil
(30 N 10)
Type III :
Soft soil
(N < 10)
Pile/Well
50%
25%
25%
Raft
50%
50%
50%
Isolated
50%
25%
0%
156
Load Combinations (Cont.):

The percentage of imposed loads given [0.25 LL 3 kN/m2, 0.5 LL
> 3kN/m2] shall also be used for whole frame loaded condition
in the load combinations specified [1.2(DL+LLEL)] where
the gravity loads are combined with the earth quake loads
(7.3.3, IS:1893-2002)
Further reduction in imposed load as per 3.2, IS:875 (Part 2)1987 need not be considered (7.3.3, IS:1893 (Part 1)-2002,
similar to Note 6, 8.1, IS:875(Part 5)-1987).
COMB-I = 1.5[DL+LL]
COMB-II = 1.2[DL+(0.25 LL3, 0.5 LL >3)EL]
COMB-IV = 0.9DL1.5EL
157

For Design:
COMB1 = 1.5 ( DL + LL )
COMB2 = 1.2 ( DL + 0.25 LL3 + 0.5 LL >3 + ELx )
COMB3 = 1.2 ( DL + 0.25 LL3 + 0.5 LL >3 ELx )
COMB4 = 1.2 ( DL + 0.25 LL3 + 0.5 LL >3 + ELy )
COMB5 = 1.2 ( DL + 0.25 LL3 + 0.5 LL >3 ELy )
COMB6 = 1.5 ( DL + ELx )
COMB7 = 1.5 ( DL ELx )
COMB8 = 1.5 ( DL + ELy )
COMB9 = 1.5 ( DL ELy )
COMB10 = 0.9 DL + 1.5 ELx
COMB11 = 0.9 DL 1.5 ELx
COMB13 = 0.9 DL + 1.5 ELy
COMB14 = 0.9 DL 1.5 ELy
158
Force Envelopes
159
1.5x(DL + LL)
1.5x(DL + EQx)
1.5x(DL - EQx)
Envelope
160
1.5x(DL + LL)
1.5x(DL + EQx)
1.5x(DL - EQx)
Envelope
161
Torsion & Accidental

Eccentricity
162
Accidental eccentricity:
Minimum Design eccentricity edi to be considered
during analysis (7.9.2, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002)
where esi = actual eccentricity

bi = breadth of building
-- In case 3D dynamic analysis is carried out, the dynamic
amplification factor of 1.5 be replaced by 1.0 (Note 2 to 7.9.2,
IS:1893(Part 1)-2002 Amendment No.1, Jan 2005)
163
Accidental eccentricity:
164
Specifying Accidental Eccentricity

ETABS
Give eccentricity = 0.05 (ie., 5% of respective dimension)
OR (For Seismic Coeff. Method)
For each storey,
If Accidental eccentricity (0.05b) to be provided is in the
same direction as the Actual eccentricity (e), provide
Accidental eccentricity as 0.5e+0.05b
If Accidental eccentricity (0.05b) to be provided is in the
opposite direction as the Actual eccentricity (e), provide
Accidental eccentricity 0.05b
STAAD
Tick the Accidental Eccentricity / Include Torsion checkbox
165
ETABS: Accidental eccentricity

166

167

168
STAAD: Accidental eccentricity

169
Specifying Accidental Eccentricity

STAAD 8i SELECT 4 and above
If Accidental eccentricity (0.05b) to be given is in the same direction as
the Actual eccentricity (e), provide Accidental eccentricity as
(0.5e+0.05b)/b
If Accidental eccentricity (0.05b) to be given is in the opposite

direction as the Actual eccentricity (e), provide Accidental eccentricity
0.05
Note: The above are only to demonstrate ECC and OCC options in
STAAD. As per Note 2 to 7.9.2, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002 Amendment
No.1, Jan 2005, only 0.05 need to be given for eccentricity in
Response Sectrum Analysis
170
STAAD: Accidental eccentricity

171

For Design:
1.5 ( DL + LL )
1.2 ( DL + LL EL x/y e )
1.5 ( DL EL x/y e )
0.9 DL 1.5 (EL x/y e)
1 Load Case
8 Load Cases
8 Load Cases
8 Load Cases
------------------25 Load Cases
For support reactions:
1.0 ( DL + LL )
1 Load Case
1.0 DL + 0.8 ( LL EL x/y e ) 8 Load Cases
1.0 ( DL EL x/y e )
8 Load Cases
------------------17 Load Cases 42 Load Cases
172
Load Combinations (non-ortho beams):

For Design:
1.5 ( DL + LL )
1 Load Case
1.2 ( DL + LL (EL x/y e) 0.3 (EL y/x e))
32 Load Cases
1.5 ( DL (EL x/y e) 0.3 (EL y/x e))
32 Load Cases
0.9 DL 1.5((EL x/y e) 0.3 (EL y/x e))
32 Load Cases
------------------97 Load Cases
For support reactions:
1.0 ( DL + LL )
1 Load Case
1.0 DL + 0.8 ((EL x/y e) 0.3 (EL y/x e))
32 Load Cases
1.0 ( DL (EL x/y e) 0.3 (EL y/x e))
32 Load Cases
------------------65 Load Cases 162 Load Cases
173
Reinforced Concrete Design
174
Concrete Design
ETABS
Load combinations
Design Code (Indian)
Material: , E, , fck,
fymain, fyshear
Ductile/ordinary
Col. Effective lengths
Etc
STAAD
Load combinations
Design Code (Indian,
456/13920)
fck, fymain, fyshear
Load case for beam shear
design (DL+LL)
(Cl. 6.3.3(b) , IS:13920)
Col. Effective lengths
Etc
175
Ref:- Fig.4, IS:13920

176
ETABS: Concrete Design

177

178

179

180
ETABS: Run Analysis

181
ETABS: Run Concrete Design

182
STAAD: Concrete Design

183
STAAD: Run Analysis

184
Miscellaneous points
185
Selection of method (7.8.1, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002) :
Dynamic analysis to be performed for

1. In case of regular buildings
h > 40 m in Zones IV & V

h > 90 m in Zones II & III
2. In case of irregular buildings
h > 12 m in Zones IV & V

h > 40 m in Zones II & III
186
Selection of method (7.8.1, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002) :
When the structure is irregular as

per Table 4, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002, the
method of dynamic analysis with
masses lumped at floor levels, as
per 7.8.4.5, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002,
cannot be done, rendering
computer modelling the only
option.
187
Soft Stories (7.10, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002) :
A soft storey is one in which the lateral stiffness is

less than 70 percent of that in the storey above or
less than 80 percent of the average lateral stiffness
of the three storeys above (4.20, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002)
(Fig.4, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002)
188
Soft Stories (7.10, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002) :
In case of buildings with soft stories,
Dynamic analysis of building be carried out including the

strength and stiffness effects of infills, and the members
designed accordingly (7.10.2, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002)
Alternatively,
Columns and beams of the soft storey be designed for 2.5 times
forces obtained by analysis
Shear walls of the soft storey be designed for 1.5 times forces
obtained by analysis
(7.10.3, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002)
189
Separation Between Adjacent Units

(7.11.3, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002) :
To avoid damaging contact when the two units deflect towards
each other
Separation equal to R/2 times the sum of the calculated storey
displacements as per 7.11.1, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002 (ie., with
partial load factor of 1.0) of each of them.
Separation equal to R times the sum of the calculated storey
displacements, when floor levels of the adjacent units or
buildings are not at the same elevation levels.
190
When to include ductile detailing :Ductile detailing provisions shall be adopted in RCC
buildings for
More than 5 stories high in zone III
Industrial structure in zone III
Importance factor > 1.0 in zone III
In zone IV & V
(1.1.1, IS:13920-1993)
Ductile detailing provisions shall be adopted in RCC

buildings for
All buildingd in zone III, IV & V
(1.1.1, IS:13920-1993, Edition 1.2)
191
Concluding Remarks
192
Concluding remarks
The best way to implement advanced seismic analysis
techniques is through an analysis software package.
To use a software package, one has to know it
More importantly, one has to know its limitations,
Still more important, one has to know its pitfalls.
Software Demonstrators/Instructors may tell you the
limitations, but not the pitfalls. Mostly it can be learned
only through experience.
The user should have a good base in Seismic Analysis &
Design, and Structural Dynamics. Also a basic
understanding of FEM is desirable (but not necessary).
Also one has to know the code provisions, and have them
ready reference (IS:456, SP 34, IS:1893, IS:13920, IS:875
Part-I, II, III)
193
rahul.leslie@gmail.com
Thank you!
194

Seismic Analysis RC Buildings STAAD ETABS IS1893

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Seismic Analysis/Design of

Presented by Rahul Leslie

Aspects of Computer Model:

But not usually

Foundation is represented by support points only

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Model for ETABS: B+G+4=6 stories

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Model for STAAD: G+4 = 5 stories

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Beams and columns

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Slabs and Masonry walls

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Slabs and Masonry walls

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Assign diaphragms: select all slabs in a storey and

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ETABS: Floor Diaphragm

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ETABS: Floor Diaphragm

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STAAD: Floor Diaphragm

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STAAD: Floor Diaphragm

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Analysis as per IS:1893-2002

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Zone factor Z (Table 2, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002)

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Static analysis (cont):

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Static analysis (cont):

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RC frames without brick infills

RC frames with brick infills

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Static analysis (cont):

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Cl.6.4.4, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002

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Importance factor (Table 6, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002)

Response reduction factor (Table 7, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002)

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Static analysis (cont):

The base shear is determined by (7.5.3, IS:1893(Part 1)2002)

Design lateral force for each level is determined by

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Lumped mass model