Step-By-Step Guide RM LT 51

Step-by-Step Guide on Risk Management
For Logistics and Transport

Sector
Contents
Legends
Objectives
Risk Management
Regulations
Overview of Risk
Management
Roles and Responsibilities
Risk Management Process
References
Note: Please click (
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Legends
Risk Management (RM)

Leader
RM Members
RM Team
Risk Assessment (RA)

Leader
RA Members
RA Team
Forms
Samples
Video Clips
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Objectives
This Guide aims to provide basic

guidance
in
implementing
risk
management (RM) at workplaces.
Potential incidents can be prevented
when hazards are identified and risks
are managed.
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Risk Management
Regulations
The WSH (Risk Management) Regulations

is one of the key components of the
Workplace Safety and Health (WSH) Act.
Under the Regulations, all workplaces are
required to conduct risk assessments for
routine and non-routine work.
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Overview of Risk
Management
Risk Management involves
identifying and analysing safety and health

hazards associated with work;
assessing the risks involved;
prioritising measures to control the hazards and

reduce the risks;
controlling and monitoring the risks; and
communicating
persons.
these
risks
to
all
affected
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Roles and Responsibilities
Employer
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Employer
Roles and Responsibilities of an Employer
TASK
DETAILS
Risk Control
Measures
(RCM)
Require all reasonably practicable steps to be taken

to eliminate/minimize any foreseeable risk
Require RCM to be implemented according to the
hierarchy of control
Support the implementation of RCM
Risk Register
Require Risk Register to be updated and available

at all time
RA Records
Ensure RA records are kept for 3 years from the

approval date
Contractors /
suppliers
Require contractors / suppliers to conduct RA and

implement risk control measures for work carried
out by them at the workplace
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Manager
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Manager
Roles and Responsibilities of a Manager
TASK
DETAILS
Risk Control
Measures
(RCM)
Prepare an action plan to implement RCM

Ensure RCM are carried out and monitor their
effectiveness
Ensure safe work procedures (SWP) are available
for all operations and implemented
Review RA if the RCM are inadequate and
ineffective
Risk Register
Ensure risk register is updated and available at all

time
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Manager
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Human Resource Manager
In the absence of a Human Resource Manager in the organisation, the equivalent person undertaking such a work
profile of the Human Resource Manager should execute the duties mentioned above
1
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Human Resource Manager
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Employee
Roles and Responsibilities of an Employee
TASK
DETAILS
Risk
Assessment
(RA)
Understand the hazards and possible injury / illhealth for carrying out activities assigned to him
Risk Control
Measures
(RCM)
Comply with all risk control measures

Adhere to safe work procedures established at the
workplace
Communicatio Inform Manager of :

n
- new hazards / risks and ways to reduce hazards /
risks, or
- any shortcomings in the safe work procedures or
risk control measures
Report any unsafe behaviour of other workers
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Risk Management Process
Risk
Assessment
Implementation
Record-keeping
Review
I. Hazard Identification
II. Risk Evaluation
II. Risk Evaluation
III.Risk Control
III.Risk Control
I. Obtain Employer / Management
I. Obtain Employer / Management
Approval
Approval
II. Implement Control Measures
II. Implement Control Measures
III. Communicate the Hazards and their
III. Communicate the Hazards and their
Controls
Controls
IV. Audit / Regular Inspections
I. Must be Available upon Request
I. Must be Available upon Request
II. Kept for at least 3 years
II. Kept for at least 3 years
I. Review RA on a Regular Basis

I. Review RA on a Regular Basis
Communicate
Preparation
I. Form Team
I. Form Team
II. Gather Relevant Information
II. Gather Relevant Information
III.Identify Tasks of Each Process
III.Identify Tasks of Each Process
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Preparation
I. Form Team
I. Form Team
I. Form Team
II.Identify Tasks of Each
Process
Process
III.Gather Relevant
III.Gather Relevant
Information
Information
A. Appointment of RM Team
A1. Employer to:
Appoint a RM Leader
Appoint RM Members
Ensure RM Team
management
Engage RM Consultant to assist RM Team if further assistance

is required
is
trained
and
competent
in
risk
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Preparation
I. Form Team
I. Form Team
Process
Process
III.Gather Relevant
III.Gather Relevant
Information
Information
A2. Prerequisite and Roles of a:

Prerequisite
RM Leader
Roles
Senior member of the

workplace
Lead and coordinate RM

implementation
Good knowledge of work

activities
Provide RA updates and risk

control measures to employer
Competent in RM
Obtain approval from Employer

/ Manager for the
implementation of risk control
measures
Attended a RM course
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Preparation
I. Form Team
I. Form Team
Process
Process
III.Gather Relevant
III.Gather Relevant
Information
Information
A3. Prerequisite and Composition of :
RM Members
Prerequisite
Good knowledge of work
activities
Competent in RM
Attended a RM course
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Preparation
I. Form Team
I. Form Team
Process
Process
III.Gather Relevant
III.Gather Relevant
Information
Information
A4. Main Function of RM Team:

RM
Leader
RM Members
19/57
Preparation
I. Form Team
I. Form Team
Process
Process
III.Gather Relevant
III.Gather Relevant
Information
Information
B. Appointment of RA Team
B1. RM Team to:
Appoint RA Leaders
Assist RA Leaders if further assistance is needed
among the RM Members
20/57
Preparation
I. Form Team
I. Form Team
Process
Process
III.Gather Relevant
III.Gather Relevant
Information
Information
B2. Prerequisite and Roles of a :
Prerequisite
A member of RM Team
RA Leader
Roles
Form RA Team
Lead and co-ordinate RA
implementation
Provide update to RM Team on
RA implementation and risk
control measures
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Preparation
I. Form Team
I. Form Team
Process
Process
III.Gather Relevant
III.Gather Relevant
Information
Information
B3. Prerequisite and Composition of :

RA Members
Prerequisite
Good knowledge of the work
activities
Composition
Comprise staff/workers
involved in the work, as well as
contractors, suppliers and other
persons who are familiar with
the work
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Preparation
I. Form Team
I. Form Team
Process
Process
III.Gather Relevant
III.Gather Relevant
Information
Information
B4. Main Function of RA Team

RA Leader
Function
Conduct RA within the areas
assigned by RM Team
Determine if the hazards could
bring harm beyond their work
area
Prepare Inventory of Work
Activities
RA Members
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Preparation
Relationship
I. Form Team
I. Form Team
Process
Process
III.Gather Relevant
III.Gather Relevant
Information
Information
between
RM Team and
RA Team
RM Team
RA Leader
who is
also a RM
Member
RA Leader
who is
also a RM
Member
RA Team
RA Team
Note: A RM Member is not necessary a RA Leader
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Preparation
I. Form Team
I. Form Team
Process
Process
III.Gather Relevant
III.Gather Relevant
Information
Information
II. Identify Tasks of Each Process

A. RM Team to set RA scope
Divide the workplace into few a distinct areas
Assign RA Team for each distinct area
B. RA Team to prepare Inventory of Work Activity (IWA)
Prepare IWA form for area(s) assigned by RM Team
IWA form to include activity inventory, location, process

and activity
25/57
Preparation
III.
A.
:
I. Form Team
I. Form Team
Process
Process
III.Gather Relevant
III.Gather Relevant
Information
Information
Gather Relevant Information
RM Team to gather information related to RM scoping
Workplace layout plan
Process or work flowchart
List of work activities in the process
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I. Form Team
I. Form Team
Preparation
Process
Process
III.Gather Relevant
III.Gather Relevant
Information
B. RA Teams to gather
information on RA process :
Information
List of tools, machinery and chemicals used
Records of past incidents & accidents
Observations, interviews and feedback on WSH related matters

WSH inspection records and audit reports
Manufacturers instruction manual including safety data sheets
Relevant legislation, Codes of Practice and specifications

Details of existing risk control measures
Safe work procedures
Copies of previous RA
Medical conditions (e.g. allergy) of workers

Past training records of employees
Note: The above information ONLY serve as a guide
27/57
Risk
2 Assessment
II.Risk Evaluation
II.Risk Evaluation
III.Risk Control
III.Risk Control
Risk Assessment is a process of :
Identifying and analysing safety and health hazards associated

with work;
Assessing the risks involved; and
Prioritising measures to control the hazards and reduce the

risks
Risk Assessment must be available for all work activities
28/57
Risk
2 Assessment
II.Risk Evaluation
II.Risk Evaluation
III.Risk Control
III.Risk Control
A.
What is a Hazard ?
Anything, any source or any situation with the
potential to cause bodily injury or ill-health
29/57
Risk
2 Assessment
B.
II.Risk Evaluation
II.Risk Evaluation
III.Risk Control
III.Risk Control
How to Identify Hazard?
B1. RA Leader to determine ways to identify hazards
brainstorming
process review
physical
chemical
mechanical
biological
electrical
process hazard analysis
job observations
B2. RA Team to determine sources
of hazards
analysis
&
job
safety
psychosocial
B3. RA Team to consider if the hazards could cause harm
beyond their immediate area of work
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Risk
2 Assessment
II.Risk Evaluation
II.Risk Evaluation
III.Risk Control
III.Risk Control
B. How to Identify Hazard?

B4. Organisational Culture and Personal Risk Factors
RA should consider organisational culture and personal

risk factors that could compromise employees work
ability and safety (e.g., decreased mental alertness,
fatigue, loss of concentration).
Risk control measures can be implemented to take into

account varying perceptions and behaviour.
Examples of Work Organisation Factors:
excessive workload
prolonged working hours
lack of adequate training
inadequate
acclimatisation
to
hot
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Risk
2 Assessment
II.Risk Evaluation
II.Risk Evaluation
III.Risk Control
III.Risk Control
B. How to Identify Hazard?
Examples of Individual Health Risk Factors:
health risks uncovered from medical

examinations
individual susceptibility to certain health

risks
smoking as a risk factor for many diseases
health effects of alcohol misuse
32/57
Risk
2 Assessment
C.
II.Risk Evaluation
II.Risk Evaluation
III.Risk Control
III.Risk Control
How to Identify Risk?
C1. List all work activities from the Inventory of Work

Activities (IWA) form in the Sub-Activity column
33/57
Risk
2 Assessment
II.Risk Evaluation
II.Risk Evaluation
III.Risk Control
III.Risk Control
C2. List all hazards for each sub-activity in the Hazard column
34/57
Risk
2 Assessment
II.Risk Evaluation
II.Risk Evaluation
III.Risk Control
III.Risk Control
C3. List all possible injuries / ill-health in the Possible Injury /

Ill-health column
35/57
Risk
2 Assessment
II.Risk Evaluation
II.Risk Evaluation
III.Risk Control
III.Risk Control
II. Risk Evaluation

A.
What is a Risk?
The likelihood that a hazard will cause a specific
bodily injury to any person
36/57
Risk
2 Assessment
B.
II.Risk Evaluation
II.Risk Evaluation
III.Risk Control
III.Risk Control
How to Evaluate Risk?
B1. List all existing control measures for each injury / ill-health in the
Existing Risk Controls column
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Risk
2 Assessment
II.Risk Evaluation
II.Risk Evaluation
III.Risk Control
III.Risk Control
B2. Rate the most likely severity outcome of the injury in the S column
B3. Rate the likelihood that the hazard may cause the injury/ill-health in
the L column
B4. Multiply the S and L columns in the Risk Prioritisation Number
(RPN) column
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Risk
2 Assessment
II.Risk Evaluation
II.Risk Evaluation
III.Risk Control
III.Risk Control
B5. Compare the RPN against the Risk Matrix

B6. RA Team to take action according to the recommended
actions based on the current risk level
39/57
Risk
2 Assessment
II.Risk Evaluation
II.Risk Evaluation
III.Risk Control
III.Risk Control
Risk Evaluation based on Code of Practice on Risk

Management (1 of 2)
A guide to severity
rating
A guide to likelihood
rating
40/57
Risk
2 Assessment
II.Risk Evaluation
II.Risk Evaluation
III.Risk Control
III.Risk Control
Risk Evaluation based on Code of Practice on Risk

Management (2 of 2)
5x5 Risk matrix with
numeric ratings
Recommended action
for risk levels
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Risk
2 Assessment
II.Risk Evaluation
II.Risk Evaluation
III.Risk Control
III.Risk Control
Risk Evaluation for Health Hazards
Estimate employees exposure to health hazards

where appropriate via established qualitative or
quantitative assessments
Compare exposure estimates to established

Permissible Exposure Level (PEL) or other health
standards to establish likelihood of ill-health effects
Consider relevant risk factors (see slides 43 and 44)
Consider other factors such as potential cumulative

exposure and synergistic effects, where applicable
42/57
Risk
2 Assessment
II.Risk Evaluation
II.Risk Evaluation
III.Risk Control
III.Risk Control
Risk Factors of Health Hazards (1 of 2)
43/57
Risk
2 Assessment
II.Risk Evaluation
II.Risk Evaluation
III.Risk Control
III.Risk Control
Risk Factors of Health Hazards (2 of 2)
44/57
Risk
2 Assessment
II.Risk Evaluation
II.Risk Evaluation
III.Risk Control
III.Risk Control
III.Risk Control
A. What is Additional Risk Control?
To eliminate, reduce
acceptable level
or
confine
the
risk
to
an
45/57
Risk
2 Assessment
II.Risk Evaluation
II.Risk Evaluation
III.Risk Control
III.Risk Control
B. How to Control Risk?
B1. Consider more effective measures in the hierarchy of control
ELIMINATION
Most
Effectiv
e
Change the Work Process
SUBSTITUTION
Replace Metal Gears with

Pulley with Belt
ENGINEERING CONTROLS
Implement Noisy Machine

Enclosure
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS
Implement Work Rotation
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
Hierarchy of Control
Least
Effectiv
e
Provide Hearing Protectors

Examples for Noise Control
46/57
Risk
2 Assessment
II.Risk Evaluation
II.Risk Evaluation
III.Risk Control
III.Risk Control
B2. List all possible controls in the Additional Controls column

B3. Re-evaluate severity S, likelihood L and RPN scores
Existing
risk level
New risk level

(Note: New risk level
should not be higher
after the additional
controls)
47/57
Risk
2 Assessment
II.Risk Evaluation
II.Risk Evaluation
III.Risk Control
III.Risk Control
B4. Identify specific person to lead the implementation of additional controls

and due date
B5. Record due-date for implementation
B6. Implementation person to provide progress updates to RA Team
48/57
Implementatio
n
and Review
I. Obtain Employer /
Management Approval
Management Approval
II. Communicate the Hazards
and their Controls
and their Controls
III. Implement Control
Measures
Measures
V. Review RA on a Regular
Basis
Basis
I. Obtain Employer / Management Approval

Manager to :
Approve RA form
Prepare an action plan to implement the measures
Implement the recommended risk control measures
Monitor the action plan
49/57
Implementatio
n
and Review
Management Approval
Management Approval
and their Controls
and their Controls
Measures
Measures
Basis
Basis
II. Communicate the Hazards and their Controls

Manager to Inform All Persons Exposed to the Risk about :
The nature of risks
Any measures / safe work procedures implemented
Means to minimise / eliminate the risks
50/57
Implementatio
n
and Review
Management Approval
Management Approval
and their Controls
and their Controls
Measures
Measures
Basis
Basis
Examples of Communication Channel :
Toolbox meeting / briefing before the start of any work
Tools
Typical Day for a Prime Mover Driver and Forklift Operator
Safe Driving of Vehicles
Case Studies - Crushed by gantry crane
Case Studies for Logistics and Transport Industry
Training Slides - Safe Loading on Vehicles
51/57
Implementatio
n
and Review
Management Approval
Management Approval
and their Controls
and their Controls
Measures
Measures
Basis
Basis
III. Implement Control Measures

Manager to :
Implement risk control measures
Ensure an action plan is available, monitored and implemented

(including timeline and person in charge)
Ensure risk control measures are implemented and effective
52/57
Implementatio
n
and Review
Management Approval
Management Approval
and their Controls
and their Controls
Measures
Measures
Basis
Basis

Manager to :
Ensure regular inspection and audits are carried out so that

the risk control measures are implemented and effective
53/57
Implementatio
n
and Review
Management Approval
Management Approval
and their Controls
and their Controls
Measures
Measures
Basis
Basis
V. Review RA on a Regular Basis

Manager to :
Review / Revise RA at least once every 3 years, or

after an incident, near miss or dangerous occurrence;
a significant change in the work processes, facilities,
work practices or work procedures, or change in
workplace condition and layout (e.g.: introduction of
new machinery, or chemicals or raw materials); or
new information on WSH risk
54/57
Recordkeeping
I. Must be Available upon

Request
Request
II.Keep for at least 3 years
I. RA Records Must be Available upon Request

Manager to :
Ensure RA records to be readily available upon request
RA records include:
RA forms
RA Register
Risk control measures records
Safe work procedures
Training records
55/57
Recordkeeping

Request
Request
II. Keep RA Records for at least 3 years

Manager to :
Keep all RA records for at least 3 years
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References
Workplace Safety and Health Act

Workplace Safety and Health
(Risk Management) Regulations
Code of Practice on Workplace Safety
and Health (WSH) Risk Management
Workplace Safety and Health Council
http://www.wshc.sg
Ministry of Manpower
http://www.mom.gov.sg
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Step-By-Step Guide RM LT 51

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Step-by-Step Guide on Risk Management

For Logistics and Transport

) on the individual tab for more information

Risk Management (RM)

Risk Assessment (RA)

This Guide aims to provide basic

The WSH (Risk Management) Regulations

Risk Management involves

identifying and analysing safety and health

assessing the risks involved;

prioritising measures to control the hazards and

controlling and monitoring the risks; and

Roles and Responsibilities

Require all reasonably practicable steps to be taken

Require Risk Register to be updated and available

Ensure RA records are kept for 3 years from the

Require contractors / suppliers to conduct RA and

Prepare an action plan to implement RCM

Ensure risk register is updated and available at all

Human Resource Manager

Human Resource Manager

Comply with all risk control measures

Communicatio Inform Manager of :

Risk Management Process

I. Review RA on a Regular Basis

Engage RM Consultant to assist RM Team if further assistance

A2. Prerequisite and Roles of a:

Senior member of the

Lead and coordinate RM

Good knowledge of work

Provide RA updates and risk

Obtain approval from Employer

A3. Prerequisite and Composition of :

A4. Main Function of RM Team:

Assist RA Leaders if further assistance is needed

among the RM Members

B2. Prerequisite and Roles of a :

B3. Prerequisite and Composition of :

B4. Main Function of RA Team

Note: A RM Member is not necessary a RA Leader

II. Identify Tasks of Each Process

Divide the workplace into few a distinct areas

Assign RA Team for each distinct area

B. RA Team to prepare Inventory of Work Activity (IWA)

Prepare IWA form for area(s) assigned by RM Team

IWA form to include activity inventory, location, process

Gather Relevant Information

RM Team to gather information related to RM scoping

Workplace layout plan

Process or work flowchart

List of work activities in the process

List of tools, machinery and chemicals used

Records of past incidents & accidents

Observations, interviews and feedback on WSH related matters

Relevant legislation, Codes of Practice and specifications

Safe work procedures

Medical conditions (e.g. allergy) of workers

Note: The above information ONLY serve as a guide

Risk Assessment is a process of :

Identifying and analysing safety and health hazards associated

Assessing the risks involved; and

Prioritising measures to control the hazards and reduce the

Risk Assessment must be available for all work activities

How to Identify Hazard?