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STUDENTS
Types of Analysis
4
5 KN
m
3m
Analytical Method
Stress=area load
5000/(4*3)=416 N/m2
Experimental Method
How to calculate stress and strain for cyclic load acting on a body
Introduction to FEA
Methods to Solve Any Engineering Problem
Analytical Method
Numerical Method
Experimental Method
Classical Approach
Mathematical Approach
Actual Measurement
Complete in itself
1. Mathematical Model
(1) Modeling
Physical
Problems
Mathematical
Model
Solution
Eq.
Exact Sol.
Approx. Sol.
Exact Eq.
Approx. Eq.
Discrete system
Linear algebraic eq.
ODE
Aerospace Domain
Automotive Domain
Hi-Tech /Electronics
Medical Devices
Advantages of FEA
Cost
Design Cycle time
No. of Prototypes
Testing
Design Optimization
Analysis Types
Structural Analysis
Static Analysis
Linear
Non-Linear
Dynamic Analysis
Modal
Analysis
Harmonic
Analysis
Random
Analysis
Approximate results.isnt it ?
What if we want to achieve more
accurate result?
(2) Discretization
Modeling a body by dividing it into an equivalent
system of finite elements interconnected at a finite
number of points on each element called nodes.
No. of Points =
DoF per point = 6
Total No of Equations to be
solved = * 6 =
No. of Points = 8
DoF per point = 6
Total No of Equations to be
solved = 8 * 6 = 48
Physical System
FE Model
Very Popular Method based upon discretization of component into Finite number of blocks (elements)
Applications : Linear, Nonlinear, Thermal, Dynamics , Buckling and Fatigue Analysis
Its a very powerful and efficient technique to solve acoustics and NVH problems
Just like Finite Element Method, it also requires Nodes and Elements but as the name suggest, it considers only the outer
boundary of the domain
All Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) soft wares are based upon FVM.
Unit Volume is considered in Finite Volume Method (similar to Elements in Finite Element Method)
Variable properties at nodes are Pressure , Velocity , Area , Mass etc.
It is based on Navier Stoke equations ( Mass ,Momentum and Energy Conservation equations)
Is it possible to use all the above listed methods (FEA ,BEM , FVM, FDM)
to solve same problem (say Cantilever problem)?
Answer : YES ! But the difference is in Accuracy achieved , programming ease and time
required to obtain the solution
3. Historical Background
Scholar
Theory
1941
Hrennikoff
1943
McHenry
Same as above.
1943
Courant
Introduced shape functions over triangular subregions to model the whole region.
1947
Levy
1953
Levy
1954
1956
Derived stiffness matrices for truss, beam and 2D plane stress elements. Direct stiffness method.
1960
Clough
1960
Turner et. al
1961
Melosh
1961
Martin
1962
Gallagher et al
Material nonlinearity.
Scholar
Theory
1963
Grafton, Strome
1963
Melosh
1965
Clough et. al
1967
Zienkiewicz et.
1968
Zienkiewicz et.
Visco-elasticity problems.
1969
1972
Oden
1976
Belytschko
~1997
strain field
stress field
b. stress contour
Non-structural Problem
Stress Analysis
- truss & frame analysis
- stress concentrated problem
Buckling problem
Vibration Analysis
Impact Problem
Heat Transfer
Fluid Mechanics
Electric or Magnetic
Potential
ANSYS
NASTRAN
ABAQUS
MARC
LS-DYNA3D
MSC/DYNA
MOLDFLOW
C-FLOW
PHOENICS
ADAMS/
DADS
COSMOS
Thanks !