1

Driven and
Bored Piles
MADE BY :
AHMED MOHAMED ZANATY 9103710
AHMED ABDULLAH NEGM

9104441

MOHAMED AHMED EL SAEID

9103644

ABDELRAHMAN MOHAMED 9104286

AHMED YOUSSEF

9100499

DEPARTURE: COURSE:
CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING
UNDER SUPERVISION OF:
PROF. ADEL BELAL

FOUNDATION

To view online:

What is Deep foundation ?

A deep foundation is a type of foundation distinguished from

shallow foundations by the depth they are embedded into the
ground. There are many reasons a geotechnical engineer would
recommend a deep foundation over a shallow foundation, but
some of the common reasons are very large design loads, a
poor soil at shallow depth, or site constraints

There are different terms used to describe different types of

deep foundations including the pile, the pier, drilled shafts, and
caissons.

What are Piles ?

Piles are generally driven into the ground in situ; other deep
foundations are typically put in place using excavation and
drilling. The naming conventions may vary between engineering
disciplines and firms. Deep foundations can be made out of
timber, steel, reinforced concrete and pre-stressed concrete.

How piles are connected ?

Foundations relying on driven piles often have

groups of piles connected by a pile cap (a large
concrete block into which the heads of the piles
are embedded) to distribute loads which are
larger than one pile can bear.

Pile caps and isolated piles are typically

connected with grade beams to tie the
foundation elements together; lighter structural
elements bear on the grade beams, while
heavier elements bear directly on the pile cap.

Pile installation

Pile installation is as important as design. There are two

methods of installation :
a)Installation by Driving
b)Installation by Boring

Pile installation

Before going through pile installation methods understand the following

terminology.

Driven pre-cast pile: The pile is casted in a yard brought to the site and
driven by some mechanism into the soil.
Driven Cast-in-situ pile: A casing plugged at bottom is driven into the ground
and then the pile is casted by removing or retaining the casing.
Bored Pre-cast pile: A bore is made and the soil inside is removed and then a
pile
casted in some yard is put into the bore.
Bored Cast -in-situ pile: A bore is made the soil is removed and the pile is
casted at site in the bore.

Choosing Pile Type

Advantage & Disadvantage of Driven

Piles

Driven Pile installation

10

Driven Pile installation

All pile driving equipment, including the pile driving hammer,

hammer cushion, helmet, pile cushion, and other appurtenances
to be furnished by the Contractor shall be approved in advance
by the Engineer before any driving can take place.

To obtain this approval, the Contractor shall submit a description

of pile driving equipment to the Engineer before pile driving
begin. The description must contain sufficient detail so that the
proposed driving system can be evaluated by the Engineer.

11

Hammer Types

Drop hammer / Gravity hammer

Single acting power driven hammer

Double Acting Power Driven Hammer

Diesel Power Driven Hammers

Vibratory and Sonic Power Driven

Hammers

12

Hammer Types

Drop hammer / Gravity hammer: This is the

original pile driving hammer. It consists of a steel
ram that is guided within a set of leads. The
hammer is raised to a certain height and allowed to
drop on top of the pile, thus producing the driving
reaction.

13

Hammer Types

Single acting power driven hammer: Hammers of this type are

basically power gravity hammers. The difference between a
gravity hammer and a single acting power hammer is that the ram
(striking part) is encased in a steel frame work and is raised by
steam or compressed air rather than by the crane load lines. The
frequency of the blows is also considerably higher than a drop
hammer. The ram mass is usually greater than a drop hammer and
the vertical travel is usually less than that of a drop hammer. Any
type of power hammer is usually more efficient than a drop
hammer because there is less time between blows for the soil to
set up around the pile.

14

Hammer Types

Double Acting Power Driven Hammer: The ram is

raised by steam or compressed air, as in the case of
the single acting power hammer. When the ram
approaches the top of its stroke a valve is opened
into a chamber at the top of the cylinder allowing
high pressure air or steam into the cylinder forcing
the ram downward. Some double acting hammers
utilize a light ram, operating at a high frequency, to
develop the energy blows comparable to those
developed by heavier, slower acting hammers. The
advantage of the lighter ram hammer is that there is
less time between blows for soil to re-settle against
the pile, thus increasing the driving efficiency and
decreasing the drive time.

15

Hammer Types

Diesel Power Driven Hammers: They are simply a one

cylinder diesel engine consisting of a steel cylinder
containing a ram and an anvil. The ram is raised initially
by an outside power source (crane) and dropped. As the
ram drops, it activates a fuel pump, which injects fuel into
a cup in the top of the anvil. The ram continues down
blocking the exhaust ports and compressing the air in the
combustion chamber. A ball on the end of the ram,
mating closely with the cup in the anvil, forces the fuel
into the hot compressed air between the ram and the
anvil. The fuel then explodes forcing the ram up and
forcing the anvil, and in turn, the pile down.

16

Hammer Types

Vibratory and Sonic Power Driven Hammers: These

are the most recent developments in pile hammer
technology. They are comparatively heavy, requiring
handling equipment of greater capacity than required for
conventional pile hammers. The Vibratory Hammer
vibrates the pile at frequencies and amplitudes which
tend to break the bond between the pile surface and the
adjacent soils, thus delivering more of the developed
energy to the tip of the pile.

17

Driven Pile installation

1.

Raising the piston (starting)

2.

Injection of diesel fuel and

compression

3.

Impact and atomization.

4.

Exhaust

5.

Scavenging

18

Driven Pile installation

1.Raising the piston (starting): For starting the diesel hammer,
the piston (ram) is raised by means of a mechanical tripping device
and is automatically released at a given height.
2. Injection of diesel fuel and compression: As the piston falls
through the cylinders, it activates a lever on the back of the fuel
pump, which injects a measured amount of diesel fuel on to the top
of the impact block. Shortly after this, the exhaust ports are closed.

19

Driven Pile installation

3. Impact and atomization: Compressing all the air /fuel

between the exhaust ports and the top Of the impact block, the
piston continues falling until it strikes the top of the impact block.
The heat generated by the compression of air, in the presence of
atomized fuel, causes the explosion of the fuel, throwing the piston
upward and forcing the impact block downward against the pile.

20

Driven Pile installation

4. Exhaust: While moving upwards, the piston will pass and open
the exhaust ports. Exhaust gases will escape and the pressure in
the cylinder will equalize.
5. Scavenging: The piston continues its upward momentum,
which draws in fresh air for the nextcycle, cools the cylinders, and
releases the pump lever. The pump lever returns to its
startingposition, so that the pump will again be charged with fuel.
Gravity stops the upward motion of thepiston and it starts falling
through the cylinders once again.

21

Driven Pile installation

22

Driven Pile installation

Design of driven pile in sandy soil

Using static formula:
Length of pile = 25 m , Diameter of pile = 50 cm , = 18 , = 30
Qult = q Nq + KHc Po tan . 2 R H
q=
= 30 + 40/2 = 35, Nq = 75
Qb =
P=
QS = KHc Po tan . 2 R
QS = Q1 + Q2

23

Design of driven pile in sandy soil

(Cont.) Design of driven pile in sandy soil

Q2=
QS1=
QS Total = 2196 + 732 = 2927 KN
QU = 6627 + 2928 = 9555 KN

24

Design of driven pile in clay soil

Use static formula:

Length of pile = 25m, Diameter of pile = 50cm, =18 , = 30 , c = 3.8 t/ Ca

=3t/

Qb = Ab Cnc
Qb
= KN
QS= f= Ca
Qs=
QU=42.529+1178=1220.6KN
Qall=1220.6

25

26

BORED PILES

27

Pile installation

Pile installation is as important as design. There are two

methods of installation :
a)Installation by Driving
b)Installation by Boring

28

Bored Piles

Bored pilesis another type of reinforced concretepileswhich is

used to support high building which has heavy vertical load.
Bored pile is acast-in-place concrete pilewhere the bored piles
have to be cast on construction site.

29

Bored Piles

Normallybored pilinghas be to carried on those tall

buildings or massive industrial complexes, which
require foundations which can bear the load of
thousands of tons, most probably in unstable or
difficult soil conditions. Bored piling is cast by
usingbored piling machinewhich has specially
designed drilling tools, buckets and grabs, its used
to remove the soil and rock. Normally it can be
drilling into 50metres depth of soil.

Advantage & Disadvantage of Bored

Piles
Advantage

Disadvantage

Absence of vibrationwill not disturb adjacent

piles or structures.

Susceptible to "wasting" or "necking" in

"squeezing" ground.

Extremelyhigh capacity caissonscan be

obtained by expanding the base of the shaft
up to three times the shaft diameter, thus
eliminating construction of caps over multiple
pile groups.

Concrete is not placed under ideal conditions

and cannot be subsequently inspected.

For many design situations bored piles

offerhigher capacities with potentially better
economics than driven piles.

Water under artesian pressure may pipe up

pile shaft washing out cement.

30

31

Bored Pile installation

32

Bored Pile installation

To install a pile you should drill a borehole of a specified

diameter and depth. Next the borehole should be filled by fineaggregated concrete and reinforced with a metal frame of a
required cut. So, the bored piles are installed and concreted
directly on a site. The diameter varies up to 1500mm and depth
- up to 10m or 30 m and more. To increase bearing capacity the
piles should be installed with a widening at the bottom of the
borehole (a foot of pile). Mostly such types of bored piles are
used in situations when there are heavy loads to a foundation
and the few compressible soils are deep-seated.

33

Bored Pile installation

The installation of bored piles is free of dynamic effects to soils

and foundations of existing buildings. This main advantage of
bored piles is more appreciable during a construction within the
urban zone. Moreover this type of foundations allows installing
of a pile in any soil; even there are construction waste, remains
from the previous structures and boulder and cobble deposits.

34

Bored Pile installation

Quality control is very important during installation of bored

piles. All rigs are equipped with a special computer system to
control a pile concreting process. The monitoring piles
parameters are depth, pressure of concrete mix, concrete
volume and shape of piles.

35

Design of Bored Piles in sandy soil

=1.8 t/, = 25 , D = 50 cm , L = 18 m

Q = 1.8 x 18 = 32.4 t/
= 25 3= 22

Bored piles:

= 20.27

Concrete material

= 0.75 , = 18.75

=0.7-1.5 , taken =1.1

36

Design of Bored Piles in sandy soil

266.2 TON

= = 88.73 TON

37

Design of Bored Piles in clay soil

= 1.9t/, C = 3.8 T/, D= 50 cm , L=25m

Medium soil

=2.5-5

= 0

=5.7

taken =3t/

38

Design of Bored Piles in clay soil

122.06 Ton

= =40.69 Ton

39

THANK YOU

Made by :
1.

Ahmed Mohamed Zanaty

9103710

2.

Ahmed Abdullah Negm

9104441

3.

Mohamed Ahmed El Saeid

9103644

4.

Abdelrahman Mohamed
9104286

5.

Ahmed Youssef
9100499

Departure:
Construction &
Building
Course:
Foundation
Under supervision of:
Prof. Adel Belal