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Cyanosis
Hypoxia
Definition.
TYPES:
1. Hypoxic Hypoxia - PO2 of the arterial
blood is low
Hypoxic Hypoxia
Caususes:
A. Low PO2 in the inspired air which include:
1. High Altitude
2. Breathing Gas mixture having Low PO2
3. Breathing in closed space
Types of Hypoxia
C. Inadequate Oxygenation of Blood due to
Respiratory Disorders Which includes:
D. Cardiac Disorders
1. Cogestive Heart Failure (CCF)
2. Veno-arterial Shunts
Peshawar Medical College NWFP Pakistan
iii.-Stagnant Hypoxia
Due to decreased velocity of blood flow.
1. CCF
2. Hemorrhagic Shock
3. Vasoconstriction (vasospasm
4. Thrombo-embolism
Treatment of Hypoxia
Effects of Hypoxia
1. - On Blood
2. - On CVS
3. - On Respiration
4. - On Kidney -Erythropoietin
5. - On CNS
DELAYED effects of Hypoxia
Treatmentt. - O2 Therapy
Peshawar Medical College NWFP Pakistan
Cyanosis
Dusky bluish discoloration of the skin or
mucous membrane
Appears when the reduced Hb. Concentration of
the blood in the capillaries is 5 gm/100ml of blood.
Types:
1. Central Cyanosis
2. Peripheral Cyanosis
Tachypnea :
is Rapid, shallow breathing
Hypercapnia
Excess of CO2 in the blood
Cause: Any condition which leads to acute
blockage of Respiratory passages
e.g. STRANGULATION
Asphyxia
Combination of Hypoxia And Hypercapnia.
Causes:
Any Condition which causes acute
obstruction of air passages
Strangulation
Hanging
Drowning
Hyperpnea
Increase in rate or Depth of Breathing
regardless of the patients subjective
sensations. ( Min Vent Volume )
Causes:
- Increased Pa CO2 & [ H+]
- Decreased Pa O2
- Decreased B.P
- Afferents from lungs, Joints etc
- Impulses from Higher Centres & Cortex
Peshawar Medical College NWFP Pakistan
Orthopnoea
Dyspnoea on lying flat:
Causes:
Decreased Movement of Diaphragm (by viscera)
> Pulm Vent > DYSPNOEA
Increased mobilization of tissue fluid
( Hydrostatic effect)
> pulmonary Congestion > Decreased Lung Compliance