PUMPS

(Positive
Displacement)

General Definitions:
A device or machinery which increases mechanical
energy/ velocity/pressure or all the above is generally
called as Pumps.
There are two types of pumps are there:
1)Positive Displacement Pumps and
Reciprocating pumps
2) Centrifugal Pumps

Difference between the two:

Positive displacement pumps apply pressure directly to
the fluid by means of reciprocating piston or it has
rotating members which form chambers alternatively
filled and emptied by liquid
Whereas, centrifugal pumps generate high rotational
velocities which then convert resulting kinetic energy into
pressure energy
In positive displacement pumps camber in which liquids
traps can be stationary or mobile( moving from suction
to discharge and then to suction)

Piston Pumps:
Liquid is drawn through an inlet check valve into cylinder
by withdrawal of piston and then is forced out through a
discharge check valve on return stroke. Often two or more
cylinders are used in parallel with common suction and
discharge headres
Most piston Pumps are double-acting ( Liquid alternatively
on each side of the piston that one part of cylinder is
being filled and other side emptied)

Plunger Pumps
For high pressures plunger pumps are mostly preferred.
A heavy walled cylinder of small diameter contains a
close-fitting reciprocating plunger which merely an
extension of piston. At the limits of its suction plunger
merely fills nearly all the spaces of the cylinder. These are
single-acting.( pressure~1500 atm)
They are usually motor driven

Working Actions:

Diaphragm Pumps:
Reciprocating pump is flexible diaphragm of metal,
plastics or rubber.
This pronounces a great advantage in handling toxic or
corrosive liquids

Rotary Pumps:
It contains no check valves
Close tolerance b/w moving & stationary parts minimize
leakage from discharge back to suction .they also limit
operating speed too
Disharge pressure upto ~ 200 atm or more

Rotary Pumps: ( Spur Gear

Pumps)
Intermishing gears rotate with close clearance inside
casing.
Liquid entering casing is caught in spaces b/w teeth,
casing is carried out and forced out to the discharge
Liquids cannot short-circuit back to suction because of
close meshing of gears in center of pumps

Rotary Pumps( Internal Gear Pumps)

A spur gear or pinion meshes with a ring gear with
internal teeth. Both gears are inside casing.

Conclusion:
Positive displacement pumps handle generally less quantities of

fluids at higher discharge rates than do centrifugal machines

They are self-priming
Discharge rate is independent of discharge pressure.
Rotary Pumps work best fairly on viscous lubricating fluids. They
cannot be used in slurries.
Discharge line if a positive displacement pump cannot be closed
without stalling

Welocming Aaromal
Thanking You all .JAI HIND