KELOM POK

RESI
ST IV IT Y
LO G
M ARIF

SYARIPUDDIN

ANDRI H IDAYAT
F AC H R I Z U L F I QA R
GAZA AULIA ARIFIN

M OH AM M AD RIVALDY
AGUNG WIJAKSANA

WIRELINE
LOGGING
Log merupakan suatu
grafik kedalaman/waktu
dari suatu data yang
menunjukkan parameter,
diukur secara
berkesinambungan di
(Harsono 1997).
dalam sebuah sumur
,
pemboran

set

Parameter tersebut diantaranya :

potensial listrik
batuan/kelistrikan,
radioaktivitas,
kecepatan,
rambat gelombang elastis,
kerapatan formasi (densitas),
kemiringan lapisan batuan,
dan kekompakan formasi
yang kesemuanya tercermin dari
lubang bor.

RESISTIVITY LOG
Resistivitas atau tahanan jenis suatu batuan
adalah suatu kemampuan batuan untuk
menghambat jalannya arus listrik yang mengalir
melalui batuan tersebut (Darling, 2005).
Nilai resistivitas tinggi

Nilai resistivitas rendah

batuan
SULIT
untuk mengalirkan
arus listrik

batuan MUDAH
untuk mengalirkan
arus listrik

Common Logs and What They Measure

Source : Exxon Mobil

Applications of
Resistivity Well Log
Data zones.
Establish permeable

Discriminate hydrocarbon
versus water saturated zones.
Estimatewater/moveable
hydrocarbon saturations.
Correlate strata areally.

Nilai Resistivity menurut

Tittman (1986)

Sumber : www.petrolog.net

Nilai Resistivity menurut

M.H. Loke (2003)

Teacher Apprec
i i
at on Month

Saturation

he saturation of a formation represents the amount of a given flui

present in the pore space.
he porosity logs react to the pore space.
he resistivity logs react to the fluids in the pore space.
he combination of the two measurements gives the saturation.
Sw = Swirr
water
oil

Matrix

SB

Sw"free"

So = Soresidual + So"free"
Sw : Fraction of porosity () which contain water
So : Saturation of oil, can be obtained from 1 Sw
Swirr : Irreducible water, cannot removed without
apllying undue P & T
Soress : oil cannot moved without special
revobery technique

The Creative Process

The Creative Process

Rmf > Rw

The Creative Process

The Creative Process

The Creative Process

The Creative Process

Rxo : corresponds to the resistivity of

the flushed zone, a region of formation close to the borehole,
where drilling fluids
may have invaded and displaced the original formation fluids
Rt : True resistivity of formation
Rw : Resistivity of water in formation
Rt = Rxo ; indicate original formation fluid present in
flushed zone & no formation fluid displacement has taken
place,
If Rxo : Rt < Rmf : Rw; hydrocarbons have been moved
by the drilling fluid and will probably be producible

SB

FAKTOR YANG
MEMPENGARUHI NILAI
Invasion of mud
filtrate.
RESISTIVITY

Mud in the borehole.

Resistivity of the shoulder
beds.
Mud cake.

(Jensen, dkk. ,

(Halliburton, p. 11-9)

Rt/Rxo determination
The Deep reading tools must be corrected for the
invaded zone effect.
Three measurements are usually available:
Very shallow
Shallow
Deep
Deep log

From MCFL/MSFL.
From LLS or ILM.
From LLD or ILD.

Medium log

Very Shallow
log

Invaded zone
Virgin Zone

SB

JENIS RESISTIVITY LOG

Prinsip dasar dari log resistivity yaitu
mengukur sifat resistivitas listrik dari batuan
formasi.
Dalam satuan Ohmmeter
Skala logaritmik
Nilai antara 0.2 2000 Ohmmeter.

Alat-alat yang digunakan untuk mencari nilai

resistivitas (Rt) terdiri dari dua kelompok yaitu
: Laterolog dan Induksi.
Yang umum dikenal sebagai Log Rt adalah

LLd (Deep Laterelog Resistivity),

LLs (Shallow Laterelog Resisitivity),
ILd ( Deep Induction Resisitivity),
ILm (Medium Induction Resistivity), dan
SFL (Spherically Focused Laterolog).

LATEROLOG
Prinsip kerja dari laterelog ini adalah
mengirimkan
arus
bolak-balik
langsung ke formasi dengan frekuensi
yang berbeda.
Alat laterolog (DLT) memfokuskan arus
listrik secara lateral ke dalam formasi
dalam bentuk lembaran tipis.
Alat ini biasanya digunakan untuk
resistivitas menengah-tinggi.
Water-base muds.

Electrode Tools (Laterolog)

Wireline (conveyed on line)

Dual Laterolog (LLD and LLS)

Azimuthal Tool (deep and shallow)

Spherically Focused

Micro-resistivity

LWD (Logging-While-Drilling)

Resistivity at bit (or at least close)

LLD dan LLS

Sumber : Jensen, dkk (2015)

Sumber : Schlumberger

Azimuthal Resistivity

Sumber : Jensen, dkk (2015)

Spherically Focused
(Flushed Zone Measurement - Shallow)

Sumber : Jensen, dkk (2015)

Micro-Resistivity
(Flushed Zone Measurement - Very Shallow)

MICROLOG

MSFL (Micro Spherically Focus Log)

Etc.

Sumber : Jensen, dkk (2015)

RAB
(Resistivity At Bit)

Sumber : http://iodp.ldeo.columbia.edu

Gambar kontras karakteristik resolusi lapisan dari alat

resistivitas dan aplikasi geologinya (G. Asquith & D. Krygowsky,
2004)

INDUCTION

Prinsip kerja dari induksi yaitu dengan menginduksikan

arus listrik ke formasi.

Pada alat memanfaatkan arus bolak-balik yang dikenai

pada kumparan, sehingga menghasilkan medan magnet,
dan sebaliknya medan magnet akan menghasilkan arus
listrik pada kumparan.

Alat ini biasanya digunakan untuk resistivitas rendah.

Oil base atau fresh water base muds.

Log induksi dikenakan untukmendeteksi konduktivitas

formasi yang selanjutnya dikonversi dalam satuan
resistivity.

Induction Resistivity
Tools

Several types:

Dual Induction :

Deep (ILD)

Medium (ILM)

High Resolution Induction

HRD, HRM (Halliburton)

IDPH, IMPH (Schlumberger)

Dielectric induction

Array Induction

EWR/CDR

All induction tools have similar physical principles...

Older: dual induction.
Newer: multi-frequency, signal
enhanced devices.

Sumber : Jensen, dkk (2015)

Sumber : Harsono (1997)

DUAL INDUCTION TOOL (DIT)

ILD dan ILM

The Dual Induction instrument is used to :

Memperoleh pengukuran konduktivitas dari

salinitas rendah atau lingkungan fluida oilbased drilling.

Menggunakan pemancar-penerima kumparan

yang berpasangan, ia menyediakan
pengukuran DEEP dan MEDIUM Resistivity
untuk perhitungan saturasi fluida.

Memberikan pengukuran konduktivitas pada

2 tingkat yang berbeda dari investigasi dan
resistivitas nilai

Memberikan pengukuran resistivitas yang

diperlukan untuk memperkirakan efek dari
invasi, untuk memperoleh resistivitas
formasi yang benar

Sumber : Anderson (2001)

PHASOR INDUCTION (PI)

IDPH dan IMPH

Pengolahan Phasor adalah teknik dekonvolusi nonlinear yang

mengoreksi induction logs secara real time untuk shoulder ef
ect dan skin effect yang lebih lengkap pada konduktivitas
formasi.

Alat elektronik digital memungkinkan untuk menggunakan

sinyal X untuk mengukur non-linear konduktivitas secara
langsung.

Resolusi lapisan tipis yang lebih baik dari ILD ILM SFL dan dapa
mengkoreksi secara otomatis.

Aplikasi :

Automate the environmental corrections.

Uses a linear deconvolution function to correct for shoulder effect

Uses the X-signal measurement to correct for skin effect.

PERBEDAAN
LATEROLOG DAN
INDUCTION
Laterolog
or dual laterologs :
Run in salt-saturated drilling mud
(Rmf ~ 3 Rw).
Run where resistivity > 200 ohm-m.

Induction logs:
Run in non-salt saturated mud (Rmf
> 3 Rw).
Run where resistivity < 200 ohm-m.

Basic 1

Rw = resistivity of water in the pore space.

Define Ro = resistivity of a rock totally filled with water.

F = Ro / Rw

F = Formation factor.
At constant porosity F is constant.
As porosity increases, Ro decreases and F decreases

Experiments have shown that F is inversely proportional to m.

F=a/

m Sandstone =

m = is called the cementation exponent

a = is called the lithology constant.
Sumber : Schlumberger

SB

Basic 2

Saturation can be expressed as a ratio of the resistivities :

n
Sw

R0

Rt

Where n is the saturation exponent, an empirical constant.

n
Sw

Substituting for Ro :
Substituting for F :

Sumber : Schlumberger

SB

n
w

FR w

Rt

a Rw
m
Rt

Saturation Equation

n
w

a Rw
m
Rt

Archie equation is hence very simple. It links porosity and resisti

h the amount of water present, Sw.

easing porosity, , will reduce the water saturation for the same R
same thing will happen when Rt increasing.

Sumber : Schlumberger
SB

Invaded Zone

e same method can be applied to the invaded zone. The porosity

entical, the lithology is assumed to be the same, hence the consta
n, m are the same.

e changes are the resistivities which are now Rxo and Rmf.

mf is measured usually on surface and Rxo is measured by the MS

CFL tool.

e equation then :

Sumber : Schlumberger
SB

n
Sxo

aR mf
m
R xo

Resistivity in Quicklook

To calculate the Sw using Archie formula for a quick look :

Rt = LLD/ILD/IDPH/AT90 or from Tornado chart
Rxo = MSFL/Rxo from MCFL
Rw = from SP calculation, Rwa, Pickett plot
= taken from TNPH, DPHI or PHIT = (DPHI + TNPH)/2,
in gas zone PHIT = (0.6DPHI + 0.4TNPH)

S
SB

n
w

a Rw
m
Rt

Resistivity Logs
ILD (deep)

High deep resistivity means:

MSFL
SFL

Hydrocarbons
Tight streaks (low porosity)

Low deep resistivity means:

Shale
Wet sand

Formation Fluid
different from
Drilling Fluid

Separation between resistivities means:

The formation fluid is different from the
drilling fluid
The formation is permeable to the drilling
fluid

Formation Fluid
similar to
Drilling Fluid

Deep, Medium, and Shallow refers to how far into the

formation the resistivity is reading (4 ft, 2 ft, few in)
Courtesy of ExxonMobil

L4Well
Log
Data

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