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1

Arrays
Array

is a collection of variables of the same type.

Array is referred through a common variable
name.
Array occupies contiguous memory locations.

Single Dimension Arrays

General

Form : Type Var_name[size];

e.g. int a[3];
A specific element in an array is accessed by an
index.
NAME OF ARRAY
a
INDEX

10

20

30

ACTUAL VALUES

Single Dimension Arrays

The

first index number is zero.

The last index number is size-1.

2 in this example.

a
INDEX

10

20

30

NAME OF ARRAY

ACTUAL VALUES

Single Dimension Arrays

Size

of an array:
Considering 16-bit compiler
Total bytes= sizeof(base type)*size of array.
= Sizeof(int)*3
= 6 bytes (in this example).
C/C++ has no bounds checking on arrays.
If you exceed array boundary, you may write into
some other variables data or even into the
program code.

Declaration & Initialization of Array

int a[3] = { 10 , 20 , 30 };
or
int a[ ] = { 10 , 20 , 30 };
in 2nd example, mentioning the size of array is
optional. Compiler will automatically calculate the
size of the array.
char nm[ ] = VGEC;
or
char nm[5] = VGEC;
or
char nm[ ] = { V , G, E , C, \0 };
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Various Operations on Arrays

Input values to an array

Can

be done in two ways:

Single element wise:
scanf(%d, &a[0]);
scanf(%d %d, &a[2] , &a[1]);
i = 2 ; scanf(%d, &a[i]);
Whole array wise:
for ( int i = 0 ; i < 3 ; i++)
scanf(%d, &a[i]);

Assign values to an array

Can

be done in two ways:

Single element wise:
a[0] = 10;
a[2] = a [1] = 20;
i = 2 ; a[i] = 30; or a[i] = ( i + 1 ) * 10;
Whole array wise:
for ( int i = 0 ; i < 3 ; i++)
a[i] = (i+1) * 10;

Print values of an array

Can

10

be done in two ways:

Single element wise:
printf(%d, a[0]);
printf(%d %d, a[2] , a[1]);
i = 2 ; printf(%d, a[i]);
Whole array wise:
for ( int i = 0 ; i < 3 ; i++)
printf(%d, a[i]);

Passing individual element of an array to a

function
void main( )
{
void display ( int );
int i , marks[5] = { 70, 80, 75, 60, 55 };
for ( i = 0 ; i < 5 ; i++ )
display ( marks [i] ) ;
}
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Passing individual element of an array to a

function
display

function.
void display ( int m )
{
printf(%d\n, m);
}

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Passing whole array to a function

void main ( void )
{
int x[10];
func1(x);
}

13

Can be done in 3 ways:

Unsized array:
void func1 ( int x[ ] ) {}
Sized array:
void func1 ( int x[10] ) {...}
Pointer:
void func1 ( int * x ) {}
Try to understand this slide after learning Pointer.