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Science is
Limited to the natural world
Observable
all science is based on observation
Testable
If not disproved, hypothesis is strengthened
Measurable
Repeatable
Modifiable
Open to change when new information is presented
Verifiable
Research reports must be detailed and quantitative
The
Scientific
Method
Cell phone:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMGRe824kak
Brain pop
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3QJrunuIve0
The Big Bang Theory
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_7sSuhQ1_24
Science is a Tool
Scientific method is also a tool and
a method for solving problems...
So it consists of several steps which
main objective is to solve a
problem that begins with an
observation.
model
test
1. Observe an event
2. Develop a hypothesis which includes a prediction and a model
3. Test the prediction
4. Observe and analyze the result
5. Revise the hypothesis (conclusion)
6. Repeat as needed (evaluation)
7. A successful hypothesis becomes a Scientific Theory
Idealized
version of
the
scientific
method
Non-scientific Hypothesis
Car wont work?
Aliens drained the battery
Spaghetti is bland?
You were meant to eat bland food
Stuck in traffic jam - late for work?
Gods must be angry
Pepsi is flat?
At the instant of tasting, tongue is transported to alternate
dimension where all flavors are rendered nullified
Happens instantaneously
Non-scientific Hypothesis
Make no predictions
Un-testable
Cant be falsified
Activity:
Scientific Method
Observation
Hypothesis (prediction)
use ifthen format
Test
Observe result
Revise hypothesis?
Medical
Science
High Cholesterol
New Test?
Scientific Theory
Scientific Method
Observation
Everyday
Science
Car Repair
Hypothesis (prediction)
use ifthen format
Test
Replace battery
Observe result
Revise hypothesis?
Not needed
New Test?
Not needed
Scientific Theory
Theories
So: a theory is a highly successful hypothesis
All hypotheses make predictions (ifthen)
All theories make predictions
All theories can be tested
Graphing
Type of Data
Numerical or Continuos Data:
Quantitative (numbers) Data. Continuous data is measured. A variable
that may contain any value within some range.
Ex:
Height
Temperature
Weight
Time
Length
Non-numerical or Discrete Data:
Qualitative (descriptive) data. Discrete data is counted. Data that is
grouped into separate categories.
Ex:
Gender
Colours
Number of people (you cant have half a person)
Number of items
Type of Variables
Dependant: Corresponds to the biological
response (results). The thing you are
meassuring.
In line graphs it goes on the y-axis
Line Graphs
Line graphs are used when one
variable (independant) affects
another (the dependant).
Data must be numerical (continous)
for both variables.
Line graph: points should be clearly
marked by crosses (x) or encircled
dots ( ) or vertical crosses (+)
In biology, data points are
connected point to point.
Scientific Drawings
Calculating magnification
Magnification triangle
M= I/A
A=I/M
I=MxA
Activity
You will draw scientifically any object of
your pencilcase.
Then label some parts.
Calculate the magnification of your
drawing.