This topic covers the planning techniques such as

using bar chart, chained bar chart, CPM, resources

levelling, precendence diagram, PERT and line of
equilibrium

DCQ6262
Construction
Management
TOPIC 1 : PLANNING TECHNIQUES IN THE
CONSTRUCTION PROJECT

Disusun Oleh : Nurul Ashikin bt Mohammad

Shuhaimi
PPPT DH41
Politeknik Sultan Azlan Shah (PSAS)
nurulashikin@psas.edu.my : 013-4411574

THE CONTENTS.
Explain the planning techniques
and its suitability to a construction
project including the advantages
and disadvantages of the
techniques.
Explain the uses of bar chart
program
Explain the uses of chained bar
chart and its differences from the
ordinary bar chart

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOME :

CLO1

THINK
!

What is to be done? How to do it? Who does it?

INTRODUCTION

Constructionis theprocessof constructing abuildingorinfrastructure

.

Construction differs frommanufacturingin that manufacturing typically

involves mass production of similar items without a designated
purchaser, while construction typically takes place on location for a
known client.

Construction as anindustrycomprises six to nine percent of the

gross domestic productofdeveloped countries.

Construction starts with planningdesign, and financing; and continues

until the project is built and ready for use.

Large-scale construction requirescollaborationacross multiple

disciplines. Anarchitectnormally manages the job, and a
construction manager,design engineer,construction engineeror
project managersupervises it. For the successfulexecutionof a project,
effective planning is essential.

2
3

DEFINITION

Planning is one of the stages of project management that includes

activities to determine and achieve the project objectives.
It aims to help managers and team carry out the project
Construction planning is a fundamental and challenging activity in
the management and execution of construction projects.
It involves the choice of technology, the definition of work tasks,
the estimation of the required resources and durations for
individual tasks, and the identification of any interactions among
the different work tasks.
A good construction plan is the basis for developing the budget and
the schedule for work

MAIN OBJECTIVE
Completing the work within
estimated budget and specified
time.
Maintaining a reputation for high
quality workmanship
Taking sound decisions and
delegation of authority
Developing an organization that
works as a team

PURPOSE OF PLANNING

The objectives of a project planning is to define the approach to be

used by the Project Team to deliver the intended project
management scope of the project.
At a minimum, a project plan answer basic questions about the
project:
WHY what is the problem or value proposition addressed by the project?
Why is it being sponsored?
WHAT what is the work that will be performed on the projects? What are the
major product/ deliverables?
WHO who will be involved and what are their responsibilities within the
project?
WHEN what is the project timeline and when will particularly meaningful
points, referred to as milestones, be complete?
HOW how will this project organized?

It is the process of selecting a particular method and the

order of work to be adopted for a project from all the
possible ways and sequences in which it could be done. It
essentially covers the aspects of What to do and How to
do it.

PREREQUISITE TO PLANNING
Before a plan can be prepared the
following should be done:
Decide what is the objective
Find all relevant and information and
analyzed
Consider the facts in the light of future
trends and outside influences and use
foresight
Consider the resources available, work
already in hand or plans being prepared
and take account of this

CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD PLAN

Alternative Emphases in Construction Planning

Fixed cost: costs that spent once at specific point of time

(e.g., the cost of purchasing equipment, etc.)
Time-related cost: costs spent along the activity duration
(e.g., labor wages, equipment rental costs, etc.)
Quantity-proportional cost: costs changes with the quantities
(e.g., material cost)

PLANNING TECHNIQUES IN CONSTRUCTION

PROJECT
There are FIVE (5) common
techniques of planning used in
construction management:
Bar Chat Program
Critical Path Method (CPM)
Precedence Diagram Method
(PDM)
Program Evaluation and Review
Technique (PERT)
Line of Balance (LOB)
Resources Levelling

2 SCHEDULE

Apakah akan berlaku sekiranya masa yang

ditetapkan melebihi masa yang dihadkan?

Purpose:
define and relate the one activity
to another activity
identify the relationship before
and between activities that will be
shown in CPM / PERT
set the timeframe for the
completion of each activity
the approximate duration of the
project could be made
optimize the use of resources

After the planning

process, the scheduling
process is required to
determine the time
required to complete
each project activity.
Estimated time to
complete a project
assigned to compare the
outcome with the project
objectives

SITE CLEARING
A

FOUNDATION
B

BAR CHART PROGRAM / GANT

CHART

A chart in which a series of horizontal

lines shows the amount of work done
or production completed in certain
periods of time in relation to the
amount planned for those periods

Once a list of task has been made and

activity durations have been establish,
it is tie to decide how the tasks relate
to one another. For a bar chart, the
relationships among the activities will
define the placement of the bars on
the chart. Although relationships must
be understood in order to place the
activities, the relationships are nit
usually included on the diagram

Advantages of Gantt Charts

Bar chart provides an easy and convenient way to monitor job

progress.
The advantages of using bar chart include the ease with which they
can communicate the project tasks, their durations, and their
anticipated start and finish dates to all project participants.
Reviewers of the bar chart do not need any special knowledge of
scheduling to understand the status of the project, what is expected
to be accomplished in the next few time periods, and when the
project is expected to end.
Bar chart that created by a computer can be construct with
relationship among the activities and also can easily update or
change.
Bar charts are easily constructed for small or simple projects.
Bar chart serve as a control chart for tracking and trending schedule
performance. It is an easy-to-understand visual formats.

Disadvantages of Gantt Charts

Bar chart for long duration or complex projects are difficult to read
when the entire project is shown on one diagram.
Bar chart is difficult to determine the impact of slip on one activity
on the rest of the project.
The difficultly with the bar chart lies in the sequence that is implied
in the chart layout. Without explicit designation of the sequence
there could be confusion.
Bar chart is most useful for presentation of schedules, but not as a
planning technique.
Bar chart does not indicate the interrelationship among the various
activities, hence, the effect of delay of an activity on other
activities cannot be seen easily.
Bar chart it does not indicate which activity is critical and in which
spare is available.
Bar chart does not reflect the exact progress of the work on the
day of review.

BAR CHART PREPARATION

Gantt charts are used by Project Managers in
order to keep to time and therefore keep to
budget. These can be done for the whole life cycle
of the project. They can also be made for more
detailed parts of the project just before carrying
them out.

BAR CHART PREPARATION

Example:
Identify activity, duration and sequence

BAR CHART PREPARATION

CONSTRUCT BAR CHART

To Be Continue..