GROUP MEMBERS

MOHAMAD HIDAYATUR RAHMAN B MOHAMAD NAZIR

HARRIS B MOHAMED EFFENDI
NUR ISKANDAR ISLAHUDIN BIN MOHAMED
MUHAMMAD AZIZI B MOHD ZULKIFLI
MUHAMMAD NUR AFIQ B NOR DAUMI
RASYDAN B ZAMRI

FALLING FILM
REACTOR

FUNCTIONS
Typically used where it is important to
keep the contents below a certain
temperature.
E.g: concentration of fruit choices or
the manufacture of heat sensitive
consumer products

WORKING PRINCIPLE
In this process, the fluid will flow
downward by gravity and creating a
film along the tube walls.
Steam is commonly used as heating
element by using steam where it will
enter from bottom to the top of the
reactor.

The heat from the steam will

evaporate the feed which will
concentrate the solution

CONTINUED
Heat transfer of the falling film is depends on the hydrodynamic flow
conditions of the film.
Heat transfer is controlled by conduction through the film.
Condition of heat transfer coefficient decreases with increases of mass
flow.
Laminar flows means the solution has low mass flows or high viscosities.
Increase of mass flow make the film become wavy laminar and then
turbulent.
High heat transfer coefficient and high flow is considered as turbulent flow.

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGE
Flooding

Low pressure drop

Restricted by pressure drop

Minimal static head and

residence time

Film breakup

Ideal for heat-sensitive

fluids
Easy cleanup
Continuous heat removal

Need continuous heat

removal
Evaporation may
deteriorate components
Liquid must be uniformly
supplied

ISSUES
Film break up
Occurs when the film is cut-off due to several complications.
The membrane become irregular uneven regulation
Absorption rate is low,
Evaporation-dry area temperature high, temperature wet
area low.
It cause the reactor less efficient
Will cause fouling

CAUSES
Violation of minimum peripheral flow
Fouling in the evaporator tubes
Insufficient flow
The film flow will not flow equally at the surface of the
tube
Known as retarding minimum flow
Condition where the flow can no longer support a full
film and the film retards leaving a dry area.

SOLUTION
Shut-down or industry maintenance
This is important in order to clear all the fouling
attach to the wall of the reactor
The tubes should not be less than minimum flow
Series of experiment should be done in order to
know the exact minimum flows

CONCLUSION
Every single equipment has it owns advantages
and disadvantages.
The uses of equipment is also depends on heat
transfer, mass transfer, velocity, density and
kinematic viscosity of the solution.
Highest efficiency will be obtained by
considering all the variable involve.