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140AU0405
Automotive Fuels and Lubricants
NASA
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Moscow_traffic_congestion.JPG
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Ceratium_hirundinella.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Oil_well.jpg
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Oil_platform.jpg
140AU0405
Automotive Fuels and Lubricants
OUTLINE
Part 1:
Origin How do oil and gas form?
Part 2:
Exploration and Production
How do we find oil and gas and how is it produced?
Part 3:
Politics Why are oil and gas important?
140AU0405
Automotive Fuels and Lubricants
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Octane_molecule_3D_model.png
Hydrocarbon
Oil and gas are made of a mixture of different
hydrocarbons.
As the name suggests these are large
molecules
CRUDE OIL
of carbon.
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Automotive Fuels and Lubricants
Plant plankton
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Ceratium_hirundinella.jpg
Animal plankton
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Copepod.
Most oil and gas starts life as microscopic plants and animals that live in the
ocean
140AU0405
Automotive Fuels and Lubricants
Miriam Godfrey
Dinoflagellate bloom
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Sea bed
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Kerogen
Oil
Gas
www.oilandgasgeology.com/oil_gas_window.jpg
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Ancient Earth
The worlds main oil deposits all formed in warm shallow seas
where plankton bloomed but bottom waters were deoxygenated
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Black Shale
Ancient Earth
The Kimmeridge Clay is a Black Shale with up to 50% organic
matter. It is the main source rock for the North Sea Oil & Gas
Province
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Automotive Fuels and Lubricants
Practical Exercise 1
Renewable versus Non-Renewable Energy
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Windpark_Galicia.jpg
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Oil_platform.jpg
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Dome Trap
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Distillation
Plant
Car fuel
Jet fuel
Road tar
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Anacortes_Refinery_31911.JPG
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Crude_Oil_Distillation.png
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en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Oilfields_California.jpg
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USGS
Global oil and gas occurrences are now well understood (provinces
shown in green). Only Antarctica and the Arctic remain unexplored.
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Practical Exercise 2
The Oil Prospector Game
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en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Lilit.jpg
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:CD-R.jpg
Food additives
Fertilizers and
Pesticides
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en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:OECD-memberstates.png
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en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:OilConsumptionpercapita.png
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en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hubbert.jpg
Era of
energy
crisis
Hubbert (1903-1989)
In 1956, Hubbert predicted that global oil production would peak
around the Year 2000 and trigger an Energy Crisis with power
blackouts and rising costs of energy and fuel
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en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Oil_Prices_Medium_Term.png
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NASA
i.treehugger.com/files/canada-tar-sands-01.jpg
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en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Bluebbl.gif
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Windpark_Galicia.jpg
OIL
Oil and Gas emit 15-30% less CO2 than coal per watt of energy
produced. Renewable energy is clean but not yet viable as fuel.
NASA
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Moscow_traffic_congestion.JPG
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Ceratium_hirundinella.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Oil_well.jpg
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Oil_platform.jpg