GNPOC HSE DEPARTMENT

Electrical safety

Electrical Safety
OBJECTIVE:To be
1.
Familiar with the fundamental concepts of electricity.
2.
Familiar with the effects of electricity on the human
body.
3.
Able to recognize the possible common electrical
hazards.
4.
Familiar with electrical protective devices and To give
Better awareness and understanding on Safety
measures and practices to avoid those hazards.

Electrical Safety

Philosophy
Electricity is invisible. It cannot be seen,
heard, tasted, or smelled. Like a snake
hiding in the grass, electricity will strike if
you dont follow safe work practices as
well as using and maintaining safe
equipment.

Electrical Safety

Electricity - What Is It?

Electrical Safety

Flow of electrons along a conductor

Electrical Safety

Current (I)
Ampere (A)
1 A = 1 coulomb/sec = 6.242 x 1018
electrons/sec
Voltage (E)
Volt (V)
1 V = 1 joule/coulomb
Potential energy with each charge

Electrical Safety
Resistance (R)

Ohm ()
1 = 1 volt/ampere
Opposition to flow

Electrical Safety

Ohms Law

E = IR or
L (+)
E

R = E/I or

I=E/R

N (-)

Electrical Safety

Basic Rules of Electrical Action

Electricity isnt live until current flows
Electrical current wont flow until there
is a complete loop, out from and back to
the power source.

Electrical Safety

ELECTRICAL HAZARDS

Electrical Safety

The causes of electrical hazards

and accidents:
1. Contact(direct or Indirect) with
energized conductive parts.
2. Faulty insulation.
3. Improper grounding.
4. Loose connections.
5. Defective parts.

Electrical Safety

6. Ground faults in equipment.

7. Unguarded live parts.
8. Failure to re-energize electrical equipment
when it is being repaired or inspected.
9. Intentional use of obviously defective and
unsafe tools.
10.Use of tools or equipment too close to
energized parts.

Electrical Safety

Electrical Safety
1- Primary Hazards
Electric Shock (Electrocution).
Fire.
Explosion.
2- Secondary Hazards
Burns.
Toxic gases
Falls

Electrical Safety

1- Electric shock
The electrical shock occurs when the
human body becomes part of the path
through which current flows.
The direct result can be electrocution.
The indirect result can be injury
resulting from a fall because of a shock

Electrical Safety

Electrical Safety

Electrical Safety

Electrical Safety

Electrical Safety
2- FIRES:-

Electricity is one of the most common

causes of fires both in the home and in
the workplace. Defective or misused
electrical equipment is a major cause.
Fire Movie

Electrical Safety

Electrical Safety

Electrical Safety

Electrical Safety
3-EXPLOSIONS:Explosions occur when electricity provides a source of
ignition for an explosive mixture in the atmosphere.

Explosion Movie

Electrical Safety

ARC-BLAST:
Occur from high- amperage currents
arcing through the air. This can be
caused by accidental contact with
energized components or equipment
failure.

Arcing Movie

Electrical Safety

ARC-BLAST RESULT S
Pressure Wave(15 tons of pressure)
Destruction of structures and life
Heat
Molten metal

Electrical Safety

ARC-BLAST:The three primary hazards associated with

an arc-blast are:
Thermal radiation.
Pressure Wave.
Projectiles.

Electrical Safety

4- BURNS:Burns can result

when a person
touches electrical
wiring or energized
equipment.

Electrical Safety

Electrical Safety

5-Toxic gases:Electrical discharges, including

partial discharge and corona, can
produce small quantities of toxic
gases, which in a confined space
can be a serious health hazard.

Electrical Safety

Electrical Safety

6-Falls

Electrical Safety

Electrical Safety
Electrical Shock& Burns: Received when current passes through the body.
Most common shock-related, nonfatal injury
Occurs when touch electrical wiring or
equipment that is improperly used or maintained.
Typically occurs on the hands.
Very serious injury that needs immediate
attention.

Electrical Safety

(A)Severity due to electrical shock depends on:

Physical body of the victim, health, age and
weight.
Victim response.
Electric flow through body
Duration of electric flow.
Capacity/magnitude of current
Frequency
Capacity/magnitude of voltage

Electrical Safety

Nominal Human Response to Current

More than 3 mA

painful shock

More than 10 mA

muscle contraction no-let-go danger

More than 30 mA

lung paralysis- usually temporary

More than 50 mA

(heart dysfunction, usually fatal)

100 ma to 4 A

certain ventricular fatal

Over 4 Am

heart paralysis; severe burns.

Electrical Safety
B)Degree of burning due to arc depends on:
1- Arc Tempt 8,000 -10,000 degree Celsius
2- Fault current
Arcing current depends on fault current
than voltage system
Therefore both HV and LV can cause serious
burn
Arc in the box's e.g.. Cubicle panel has 6
times more energy than open-arc.
3- Distance from arc (energy ~ 1/d2)
4- Duration expose to arc.

Electrical Safety

E = I2Rt
E= energy, joules
I = current, amperes
R = resistance of current path through the
body, ohms
t = time of current flow, seconds

Electrical Safety

Chances of Survival from burn

Temperature during short circuit on high
voltage( 8000OC 10000OC)
Degree of burns : 1st, 2nd & 3rd
Surface area / percentage of burns
Age of victim

Electrical Safety

Electrical Safety

ELECTRICAL SAFETY

Chances of Survival on high voltage arcing depends on age of victim

.
25% Burn

Age

50% Burn

Age

75% Burn

Age

Electrical Safety

Prevention of the Electrical

Hazardous

Electrical Safety
(1)General Principles/Means:
Safe Electrical System
Protective Devices in the electrical supply
system..
Required by local code and regulations.
Required for fixed installation and portable
equipment.
Safe Equipment
Use of Safe Equipment (with adequate protection)
Safe Work Practices
Safe use of equipment (Proper Use)

Electrical Safety
Safeguard against Direct Contact with Live Electrical
Parts, Restrict access or contact by Enclosure/
Guarding/ Barrier

Electrical Safety
Safeguard against Ground Fault Conditions

Grounding/Earthing
Draining of leaked out current to the earth/ground using a
conductor (earth wire)
Eliminate the build up of potential difference between the
equipment and the ground

Electrical Safety
Proper Wiring :
Cable must be firmly gripped to release strain from
the conductor wires, to ensure that the conductors
would not be pulled out of the terminals

Electrical Safety
Grounding of Conductive Surfaces:
Metallic conductive surfaces may be electrically
charged accidentally e.g. Work benches on which
electrical equipment's are placed.

Electrical Safety

Electrical Safety
Automatic Protection Device
Automatic disconnection of power when an electricity leak is
detected.
Devices
Residual Current Device (RCD)
(Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB)
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI)

Electrical Safety
Residual Current Device

Electrical Safety
Residual Current Device

Electrical Safety

Over- -current Protection

Use conductor of sufficient size specified in wiring
regulations
Fuse Protection
Use MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker) Protection

Electrical Safety

General Safety Practices:

Only authorized, competent, and qualified persons are allowed to
work on or around electrical equipment and/ or wiring.
Purchase up-to-standard electrical equipment equipped with
appropriate protective devices.
Use lower voltages.
Proper use of electrical equipment (not to interfere with protective
devices)

Electrical Safety
Do not use conductive ladders for electrical work or work near
electrical installation.

Electrical Safety
Proper maintenance of system and
equipment.

Electrical Safety
Emergency procedures in the event of an
accident
Equipment emergency shutdown procedure,
e.g. power cut-off switch can be easily
reached.
Electric shock first aid procedure, need for
first-aid training.

Electrical Safety

(B)Specific Safety Procedures

For Electrical/Mechanical System Maintenance
1-Lockout / Tagout procedures : To avoid inadvertent release of energy (electrical and / or
mechanical) causing serious harm to people working on the
system.
Effective isolation of power supply.

Electrical Safety

Electrical Safety
Plan the shutdown of the system.
Alert operator and other users of the shutdown.
Lockout the power supply to the system at the most
appropriate point.
Have all teams/workers place their personal & individual
padlocks on the lockout point.
Put a warning tag at the lockout.
Release all stored or residual energies (e.g. capacitors,
loaded spring etc.)
Test the circuit to confirm it is dead. Each team/worker
should remove only his own padlock upon completion of
his part of work.

Electrical Safety
2- Working in Hazardous Environment
Avoid Generation of Sparks in Hazardous Atmosphere.
Use spark proof / intrinsically safe equipment and
installation in hazardous areas where there are:
flammable liquids;
combustible liquids operating at a temperature above their
flash point; or
gases or combustible dusts that may be present in
flammable, explosive and combustible concentrations

Electrical Safety

3- work in live electrical systems

The proper and suitable Personal
Protective Equipment's (PPE)should be
use.
Electrical PPE should be use whenever a
you could come into contact with exposed
electrical parts.
PPE must be designed for the work being
performed.
Always inspect your electrical tools and
PPE before each use.

Electrical Safety

Electrical Safety

Part Two
High Voltage
Electrical
Safety

Contents
1. Selection and Use of Electrical Work
Practices OSHA Clauses .
2. Electrical Hazard Analysis/
3. Personal Protective Equipment .
4. Hazard risk categories

Section 1
Selection and Use
of
Electrical Work Practices
OSHA Clauses

OHSA Electrical Safe Work Practices

Standards for General Industry
1910.333(a) "General"
Safety-related work practices shall be
employed to prevent electric shock or
other injuries resulting from either direct or
indirect electrical contacts, when work is
performed near or on equipment or circuits
which are / may be energized.

OHSA Electrical Safe Work Practices

Standards for General Industry
1910.333(a)(1) "Deenergized parts
Energized parts to which an employee may
be exposed shall be deenergized before the
employee works on or near them,
unless the employer can demonstrate that
deenergizing introduces additional or
increased hazards or is infeasible due to
equipment
design
or
operational
limitations.

OHSA Electrical Safe Work Practices

Standards for General Industry
1910.333(a)(1) "Deenergized parts
Energized parts that operate at less than 50 volts to
ground need not be deenergized if there will be no
increased exposure to electrical burns or to
explosion due to electric arcs.
Examples of increased or additional hazards includes:1.
2.
3.
4.

interruption of life support equipment.

deactivation of emergency alarm systems.
shutdown of hazardous location ventilation equipment.
removal of illumination for an area.

OHSA Electrical Safe Work Practices

Standards for General Industry
1910.333(a)(1) "Deenergized parts
Examples of work that may be performed on or near
energized circuit parts because of infeasibility due to
equipment design or operational
limitations
include :1. testing of electric circuits that can only be
performed with the circuit energized.
2. work on circuits that form an integral part of a
continuous industrial process in a chemical plant
that would otherwise need to be completely shut
down in order to permit work on one circuit or piece
of equipment.

OHSA Electrical Safe Work Practices

Standards for General Industry
1910.333(a)(2) Energized parts
If the exposed energized parts are not
deenergized (i.e., for reasons of increased or
additional hazards or infeasibility), other safety
related work practices shall be used to protect
employees who may be exposed to the
electrical hazards involved.
Such work practices shall protect employees
against contact with energized circuit parts
directly with any part of their body or indirectly
through some other conductive object.

OHSA Electrical Safe Work Practices

Standards for General Industry
1910.333(b)(1) "Working On or Near
Exposed Deenergized Parts"
Conductors
and
parts
of
electric
equipment that have been deenergized
but have not been locked out or tagged
in accordance with paragraph (b) of this
section shall be treated as energized
parts, and paragraph (c) of this section
applies to work on or near them.

OHSA Electrical Safe Work Practices

Standards for General Industry
1910.333(b)(2) "Lockout and
Tagging"
While any employee is exposed to
contact with parts of fixed electric
equipment or circuits which have been
deenergized, the circuits energizing
the parts shall be locked out or tagged
or
both in accordance with the
requirements of this paragraph.

OHSA Electrical Safe Work Practices

Standards for General Industry
1910.333(c) "Work on Energized Equipment"
Only qualified persons may work on electric
circuit parts or equipment that have not been
deenergized under the procedures of paragraph
(b) of this section.
Such persons shall be capable of working safely
on energized circuits and shall be familiar with
the proper use of special precautionary
techniques,
personal protective equipment,
insulating and shielding materials, and insulated
tools.

OHSA Electrical Safe Work Practices

Standards for General Industry
1910.335(a)(1)(i) Personal
Protective Equipment"
Employees working in areas where
there are potential electrical hazards
shall be provided with, and shall use,
electrical protective equipment that
is appropriate for the specific parts of
the body to be protected and for the
work to be performed.

Section 2
Electrical Hazard Analysis

Electrical Hazard Analysis

Types of electrical hazard analysis
Distance & Boundaries
Approach Boundaries
Limited.
Restricted.
Prohibited.

Flash Protection Boundaries

Personal Protective Equipment and

Tools.

Types of electrical hazard analysis

The three principle types of electrical
hazard analysis are :(1)Shock Hazard Analysis.
(2)Arc Flash Hazard Analysis.
(3)Arc Blast Hazard Analysis.

Types of electrical hazard analysis

(1)Shock Hazard Analysis
The shock hazard analysis determines the
following :voltage to which personnel may be exposed.
establishes boundary requirements.
specifies the personal protective equipment
(PPE) necessary to minimize the possibility
of electric shock to personnel

Shock Hazard Analysis

The main three factors of the electrical
shock hazard
1. Failure to properly or completely deenergize systems prior to maintenance or
repair work.
2. Intentionally working on energized
equipment.
3. Improper or inadequate grounding of
electrical system components.

Shock Hazard Analysis

Regulatory Requirements
1. All equipment must be placed in a deenergized state prior to any maintenance or
repair work. (Limited exceptions exist).
2. The de-energized state must be verified prior
to any work.
3. The de-energized state must be maintained
through the consistent use of locks and tags,
and in some cases, grounding.
4. When energized work is performed, it must be
performed
in
accordance
with
written
procedures.

Distance Boundaries
Distance Boundaries are two types include:
Approach Boundaries :used to reduce shock hazard (Limited,
Restricted and Prohibited); and
Flash Protection Boundaries :used to reduce arc flash hazards and may
reduce arc blast hazards.

Boundaries For Shock Protection

Approach Boundaries to Energized Parts

Limited Approach Boundary

NFPA 70(National
Fire
Protection
Association) defines Limited Approach
Boundary as:"a shock protection boundary to be crossed
by only qualified persons (at a distance from
a live part) which is not to be crossed by
unqualified persons unless escorted by a
qualified person".

Restricted Approach Boundary

NFPA 70 defines Restricted

Approach Boundary as:A shock protection boundary to be
crossed by only qualified persons (at a
distance from a live part) which, due to
its proximity to a shock hazard, requires
the use of shock protection techniques
and equipment when crossed.

Prohibited Approach
Boundary
A shock protection boundary to be
crossed by only qualified persons (at a
distance from a live part) which, when
crossed by a body part or object,
requires the same protection as if direct
contact is made with a live part.

Arc Flash Boundary

(AFB)
The AFB is a safe approach distance
from energized equipment or parts
When an arc flash hazard exists, an
approach limit at a distance from a
prospective arc source within which a
person could receive a second degree
burn if an electrical arc flash were to
occur.

(2)Arc Flash Hazard Analysis

Flash Hazard Analysis shall be done in
order to protect personnel from the
possibility of being injured by an arc
flash.
The analysis shall determine the flash
protection boundary and the personal
protective equipment that people within
the flash protection boundary shall use.

In

the

Arc

Flash

Hazard

the

actual arc hazard is based

on available energy, not
available voltage.

Arc Flash Hazard Analysis

There are three (3) components to an arc
flash hazard analysis:1. Arc Flash Boundary
2. Protective Clothing and Other Personal
Protective Equipment
3. Equipment Labeling

Arc Flash Hazard Analysis

The reasons of electrical arcs created during:1. short circuits.
2. ground faults
3. switching procedures.
The principal factors used to determine the arc-flash
hazard to personnel are as follows:
1. Available short circuit current at the arc
location.
2. Duration of the electrical arc.
3. Distance from the arc to personnel.
4. The arc gap.

National Electrical Code Section 110.16

Flash
Protection
The NEC states,"Electrical equipment, such as
switchboards, panel boards, industrial control
panels, meter socket enclosures, and motor
control centers, that are in other than dwelling
units, and are likely to require examination,
adjustment, servicing, or maintenance while
energizedshallbe field marked to warn
qualified persons of potential electric arc flash
hazards. The marking shall be located so as to
be clearly visible to qualified persons before
examination,
adjustment,
servicing,
or
maintenance of the equipment."

Equipment Labeling

(3)Arc Blast Hazard Analysis

An electrical blast or explosion, is the result
of the heating effects of electrical current
and the ensuing arc.
This phenomenon occurs in nature as the
thunder that accompanies lightning, a
natural form of an electrical arc.

Section 3
Personal Protective Equipment

Personal Protective Equipment

Each employee shall be trained to know at
least the following:
When PPE is necessary;
What PPE is necessary;
How to properly don(), doff(), adjust,
and wear PPE;
The limitations of the PPE;
The proper care, maintenance, useful life,
and disposal of PPE."

Personal Protective Equipment

Employees working is areas where there
are electrical hazards must be provided
with and use, protective equipment
that is designed and constructed for the
specific part of the body to be protected
and for the work to be performed:
Head, face, neck, chin .
Eye protection
Hand and arm protection
Body protection
Foot and leg protection

V Rated Gloves
V-Rated gloves are
required for energized
electrical work.
These gloves are rated
for the maximum line
to line voltage upon
which work will be
done.

Class 0

Class 2

V Rated Gloves
NFPA 70E V Rated Gloves

Insulating Shoes
Electrically insulating shoes
are
recommended
for
energized electrical work.
EH rated footwear is built
with nail-free construction
using steel or composition
toe caps to help insulate a
worker from the ground and
to retard conduction

FR Rated Clothing
Clothing made from
fabrics that selfextinguish:
Designed to limit (not
eliminate) burn injury
Requires Arc label
rating in the garment

sock-type hood
An FR arc-rated
sock-type hood
that protects the
neck and head
except for facial
area of the eyes
and nose.

Blast Hood
A complete FR
arc-rated
enclosure for
the head and
neck.

Protective Clothing and Other PPE for Application

with an Arc Flash Hazard Analysis.

Methods of selection of protective clothing

and other personal protective equipment:
(1) Incident Energy Analysis. The
incident energy analysis shall determine,
and the employer shall document, the
incident energy exposure of the worker (in
calories per square centimeter).
(2) Hazard/Risk Categories. The
requirements for the selection and use
of personal and other protective
equipment.

Section 4
hazard risk categories

Hazard Risk 0
This hazard risk category poses
minimal risk,for example : outside the restricted approach
boundary;
Circuit breaker or fused switch
operation on panel boards rated
600 V and below with their covers
on.

Hazard Risk 0
Requires the use of:
Long sleeve shirt and pants made of
non melting or untreated natural
fibers (e.g., cotton shirt and pants);
Eye protection (e.g., safety glasses);
Hearing protection (ear canal
inserts); and
Leather gloves (as needed).

Hazard Risk 1
Some examples of tasks in this
category are tasks that involve:
Work on energized parts, including
voltage testing on panel boards
rated 240 V and below;
Removal or installation of circuit
breakers or fused switches on panel
boards rated at 240 V and below;

Hazard Risk 1
Requires the use of:
FR long sleeve shirt and pants, or
coverall, with a minimum Arc Rating
of 4 cal/cm2
Electrical rated hard hat
Eye protection (e.g., non-metal safety
glasses or safety goggles)
Arc-rated face shield or arc flash
suit hood, with a minimum Arc
Rating of 4 cal/cm2
Hearing protection (ear canal inserts)
Electrical insulating gloves with
leather glove protectors
Leather or electrical insulating work
shoes

Hazard Risk 2
Some examples of tasks in this category are tasks that
involve:
Work on energized parts, including voltage testing, on
panel boards rated greater than 240V and up to
600V;
Work on energized parts, including voltage testing, on
600V Class Motor Control Centers (MCCs);
Work on control circuits with energized parts
greater than 120V, on 600V Class MCCs; and
Work on energized electrical conductors and circuit
parts of utilization equipment fed directly by a branch
circuit of the panel board rated greater than 240V
and up to 600V.

Hazard Risk 2
Requires the use of:
FR long sleeve shirt and pants, or coverall,
with a minimum Arc Rating of 8 cal/cm2;
Arc rated arc flash suit hood or balaclava
and faceshield, with a minimum Arc Rating
of 8 cal/cm2;
Electrical rated hard hat;
Eye protection (e.g., non-metal safety
glasses or safety goggles);
Electrical insulating gloves with leather
glove protectors;
Hearing protection (ear canal inserts); and
Leather or electrical insulating work shoes.

Hazard Risk 3
Some examples of tasks in this
category are tasks that involve:
Insertion or removal of individual starter
buckets when working on a 600 V Class
Motor Control Center;
Insertion or removal of circuit breakers
from cubicles, doors open, when working
with 600 V Class Switchgear (with power
circuit breakers or fused switches); and
Removal of bolted covers (to expose
bare energized parts) 600 V Class
Switchgear (with power circuit breakers
or fused switches).

Hazard Risk 4
This hazard risk category represents
tasks that pose the greatest risk.
Some examples of tasks in this
category are tasks that involve:
Removal of bolted cover (to
expose bare, energized parts)
when working with NEMA E2
(fused contactor) Motor Starters,
2.3 kV through 7.2 kV; and
Work on energized parts,
including voltage testing, when
working with Meta Clad
Switchgear, 1kV and above.

Electrical safe work practices program

The following are steps could be taken to ensure
adequacy of the electrical safe work practices program
and training of "qualified" electrical personnel:
1. Conduct a comprehensive Job Task Analysis.
2. Complete a Task Hazard Assessment including:
a) Shock hazard
b) Arc flash hazard
c) Arc Blast hazard
d) Other hazards (slip, fall, struck-by,
environmental, etc.)

3. Analyze task for the Personal Protective

Equipment needed.
4. Conduct training needs assessment for
qualified and non-qualified electrical
workers.
5. Revise, update, or publish a complete
"Electrical Safe Work Practices Program."

Thanks