Bilinguals and

Bilingualism
Galih Ajeng S. Y.
Karina Dianovita S.
Kirana Alvi P.

Language Socialization
Children acquire language and social skills
together. Their sensitivity to the social
uses of languages is already apparent in
their early learning of different varieties.
There set of social rules about language
that a child must acquire to be succesfully
socialized.
One is the rule for conversational
organization. Knowing when to speak and
when to be silent, how to enter a
conversation, when to speak quietly and

The Description of
Bilingualism
Bilingual is a person who has some
functional ability in a second
languange
Bilingualism is phenomenon of
speaking two languages

Kind of Bilinguals
Balanced bilinguals
Someone whose mastery of two language is roughly
equivalent.

Dominant bilinguals
Someone with greater proficiency in one of his or her
language and uses it significantly more than other
language

Semilinguals
Someone with insufficient knowledge of neither
language

Describe the nature of Individuals

bilingualism
1. Identify each of language
We need to identify what the mother
tongue and second language of the
learner.

2. The way each language was

acquired
When and where the learner learn
their mother tongue and L2

Describing bilingualism
Describing by the performance of
certain internal functions
Example : counting, dreaming, praying

Describing by the external functions

Example: can carry on an informal
conversation, can give a lecture

Describing by domain

Location

Role-Relationship

Topics

Home

Moher, father, son,

daughter, etc.

Domestic, personal

Neighbourhood

Neighbour,
shopkeeper, streetcleaner

Weather, shopping,
social greeting

School

Teacher, student,
principal

School greeting,
educational

Church

Priest, parishioner,
etc.

Sermons, prayer,
confession, social

At this point, the important notion is that a bilinguals

use of his or her two language is likely to vary
considerably according to domain

Bilingual Competence
What is competence?
Compound bilinguals refer to people
who learn a second (foreign)
language after they have a perfect
command in the first.
Co-ordinate bilinguals refer to people
who learn two different languages in
different situation.

Forms of Bilinguals
1. Interference: a feature of one language
appearing when speaking or writing
another
2. Code switching: situation where speaker
deliberately change a code being used,
namely by switching from one to another.
3. Code mixing : situation where speaker
apply some foreign words or phrases while
the other language function as the base

Point of view

Code switching

Code mixing

Grammatical items
involve

Sentence and clause

Phrase, word,
morpheme,
phonemes

Base language

Clear

Sometimes unclear

Topic

May change

Maintaned

Situations

Formal and informal

More likely informal

Bilingual fluencies

Partial

total

References
Spolsky, Bernard. 1998. Sociolinguistics.
Oxford. Oxford University Press.
Jendra, Made Iwan Indrawan. 2010.
Sociolinguistics, The Study of Societies
Languages. Yogyakarta. Graha Ilmu.
Robb, Mike. Bilingualism.
http://slideshare.net/mobile/mikerobb543/
bilingualism-28671383. Accessed on
10/10/2016