TYPES OF FLS, IMPORTANCE ,DESIGN FEATURES

AND COMPONENTS

TYPES

Fly by wire
Analog and digital
Hydro mechanical
Cockpit control

INTRODUCTION

Aircraft flight control systems consists of flight

control surfaces , the respective cockpit controls ,
connecting linkages ,and the necessary operating
mechanisms to control an aircrafts direction in
flight. Aircraft engine controls are also considered
as flight controls as they change speed.
They can be divided into three main groups
:Primary flight control,
Secondary flight control
Auxiliary flight control

Analogue and digital

Analogy

control systems require the

pilot to use electrically controlled servo
valves operated by an electric
controller. The pilot then flies largely by
feel.
Digital control systems rely almost
entirely on a computer to fly the aircraft

FLY BY WIRE

Fly by wire control systems are,

generally speaking, a
combination of electrical
control circuits and computers

Hydro mechanical
Hydro mechanical is the next category
of aircraft flight control systems. Hydro
mechanical controls have two parts: a
mechanical circuit.
Mechanical flight control systems are
the most basic of the methods of
controlling an aircraft. These are the
earlier form of aircraft control

IMPORTANCE OF FLS

Elevator are which controls the

aircrafts' pitch.
Aileron are used to control the roll.
Rudder is used to control yaw motion.
Flaps are used to increase the speed
Spoilers are used to reduce the
airspeed .

PRIMARY FLIGHT CONTROL

Primary
Elevator
control
system

Aileron
control
system,

Rudder
control
system

ELEVATOR CONTROL SYSTEM

An elevator is mounted on the back edge of

the horizontal stabilizer on each side of the
fin in the tail, They move to and down
together. When the pilot pulls the stick
backward, the elevators go up. Pushing the
stick forward causes the elevators to go
down. Raised elevators push down on the tail
and cause the nose to pitch up. This makes
the wings fly at a higher angle of attack
which generates more lift and more drag.

AILERON CONTROL SYSTEM

Ailerons are mounted on the trailing

edge of each wing near the wingtips,
and move in opposite directions. When
the pilot moves the stick left, or turns
the wheel counter clockwise, the left
aileron goes up and right goes down.
As a result the lift distribution
changes .This causes the left wing to
drop and right wing to rise .So the
plane banks to the left and begins to

RUDDER CONTROL SYSTEM

The rudder is typically mounted on the

back edge of the fin in the empennage.
When the pilot pushes the left pedal,
the rudder deflects left. Deflecting the
rudder right pushes the tail left and
causes the nose to yaw right.

FLAPS

Flapsare used to increase the lift of an

aircraftwingat a given airspeed.
Flaps are usually mounted on the wing
trailing edges of a fixed-wing aircraft.
Flaps are used to lower the minimum
speed at which the aircraft can be safely
flown, and to increase the angle of
descent for landing.

SPOILERS

Spoilers are used to disrupt airflow over

the wing and greatly increase the
amount of drag.
They are also known as lift dumpers.
Spoilers that can be used
asymmetrically are called spoilerons
and are able to affect an aircrafts roll.

SLATS

They are also known as leading edge

devices and are extensions to the front
of a wing for lift augmentation and are
intended to reduce the staling speed by
altering the airflow over the wing.
They can either be fixed or retractable.

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