What was going on in the

world?

1607 - English settle Jamestown

1610 - Galileo confirms the Earth is
round
1643-1715 - Louis XIV rules France
1687 - Sir Isaac Newton publishes his
Laws of Universal Gravitation
1732- George Washington born
1744-1748 - French & Indian War

What does the word

Baroque mean?

Baroque is a French word from

Portugese origins that means an
irregularly shaped pearl.

Originally the term Baroque was

used for the art works created
during this period in that there
was an inherent strangeness and
extravagance associated with
them. Only recently has the
term also been used to include
the music, which is anything but
slightly flawed.

The Counter-Reformation Spirit

Council of Trent (1545-1563)

Redefined doctrines, reaffirmed dogmas

Assertion of discipline, education
New artistic demands, purpose

Society of Jesus, Jesuits

Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556)

Missionaries, educational improvement

Seventeenth-Century Baroque

Decentralized styles
Art for the middle-class
Rich, ornate, elaborate, fanciful
Emotionalism
Psychological exploration
New techniques, virtuosity

Visual Arts in the Baroque Period

Painting in Rome

Caravaggio (1573-1610)
Dramatic naturalism, realism

Chiaroscuro

Brutal, pessimistic
Emotional, psychological
The Calling of St. Matthew (1597-1601)
The Martyrdom of St. Matthew (c. 1602)

Orazio and Artemisia Gentileschi

Visual Arts in the Baroque Period

Painting in Rome

Annibale Carracci (1560-1609)

Extreme emotion, realism of detail
Exuberant life, movement, sensuality

Galleria of the Palazzo Farnese

The Flight into Egypt (1603-04)

Ideal proportion
Classical order, realism of landscape

Visual Arts in the Baroque Period

Roman Baroque Sculpture and Architecture

Gian Lorenzo Bernini (1598-1680)

Chief architect of Counter-Reformation

Fountains, palaces, churches

Conflict with Borromini

Religious-themed sculptures

David (1623)
Saint Teresa in Ecstasy (1645-1652)

Baroque Music

Emphasis on rhythm and melody

Listening pleasure and glory of God
Sacred music with universal appeal
Growing interest in secular music

 Baroque

music differs
greatly from Medieval and
Renaissance music.

Composers used mixed groups of

instruments to perform works of great
complexity.
Music was no longer only functional, it
was made to be enjoyed as its own
entity.
Composers began to search for
inspiration for their compositions in not
only the church, but in nature.
Baroque music is very similar to jazz in
its use of improvisation and figured
bass.

Baroque Music:

The Birth of Opera

Play in which text was sung, not spoken

Aristocratic and middle-class audience
Florentine Camerata

Objected to polyphonic style

Monody, recitative
Inspired by Greek drama, tradition

Jacopo Peri: Dafne, Euridice

Baroque Music:

The Birth of Opera

Claudio Monteverdi (1567-1643)

LOrfeo
Dramatic instinct, emotionality of music
Academic principles of Camerata

Opera houses
Audience appeal

Lavish stage spectacles, arias

Philosophy and Science

in the Baroque Period

Coming of age of modern philosophy

Philosophy as independent discipline
Objective demonstration vs. abstract
generalization

Supernatural explanations insufficient

Philosophy and Science

in the Baroque Period

Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)

Astronomy, physics
Heretical denunciation of Ptolemaic view

Support of Copernican theory

Experiment, observation

Telescope
Motion

Philosophy and Science

in the Baroque Period

Ren Descartes (1596-1650)

Father of Modern Philosophy
Criteria for defining reality

Cogito, ergo sum

What is clearly perceived must exist
Argument for the existence of God

Philosophy and Science

in the Baroque Period

Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679)

Materialism
Leviathan

Theory of society, no divine law

Offended theologians, rationalists

Personal liberty vs. security

Philosophy and Science

in the Baroque Period

John Locke (1632-1704)

Predecessor to the Enlightenment
Nature of ideas

Perceptions, personal property

Limitations of human knowledge

Significance of experience

Baroque

1600 1750.

From a Portuguese word

barocca,
meaning a pearl of
irregular shape.

Implies strangeness,
irregularity, and
extravagance.

Baroque Style of Art &

Architecture
Dramatic,
emotional.
Colors were brighter than
bright; darks
were darker than dark.

Counter-Reformation art.

Paintings & sculptures in

church contexts
should speak to the illiterate
rather than to
the well-informed.

St. Peters
Basilica,
Vatican
City
by
Gialorenzo
Bernini

Church of Santiago de
Compostella, Spain

Church of Veltenberg
Altar, Germany

The Assumption of the

Virgin Mary
Egid Quirim Asam, 16921750

Altar of Mercy, Germany,

1764

A Bust of Louis XIV

by Bernini

Louis XVI
Hyacinthe
Rigauld

A Bust of Cardinal
Richelieu
by Bernini

Cardinal Richelieu
Philippe de Champaigne
[1602-1674]

Baroque Furniture

Baroque Furniture

A Baroque Room