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A Definition
Aphasia is a disruption of language associated
with brain damage. A comprehensive
explanation of aphasia is given in a book by M.N.
Hedge, he says, an impairment in understanding
and formulating complex, meaningful, and
ordered or sequenced elements of language
including words, phrases and sentences; a
difficultly in remembering words, saying the
correct words, or saying words in correct satanic
order; a difficulty in talking grammatically;
difficultly in reading and writing in conjunction
with the described oral language problems; and
difficulty understanding or expressing through
gestures (Hedge, 1995).
Causes
Causes, Continued
Types of Aphasia
Because of the damage to these different areas there
are any different types of aphasia that are classified
into to two categories, both having to do with speech,
which are fluent aphasias and non-fluent aphasias:
Fluent aphasia are determined by patients who display
normal length phrases and sentences which are well
articulated and easily understandable, these are connected
with posterior lesions that spare anterior cortical regions
critical for motor control for speech;
Non-fluent aphasias are the opposite and are characterized
by sparse, hard to understand utterances or sentence usually
short in length, these are determined by anterior or prerolandic lesions that comprise motor and pre-motor cortical
regions involved in speech production.
Types of Aphasia,
continued
In addition to the effect to the fluency part
of aphasia there is also damage to the
auditory possessing. Damage to the anterior
region causes mild impairment in the
auditory comprehension, whereas posterior
lesions result in severe impairment to the
comprehension. When there is damage to
any of the areas mentioned above then also
there is likely to be distortion to repetition.
Also, people who have aphasia also
experience a naming impairment.
Types of Aphasia,
continued
Within each type of category of aphasia
there are a few different types or
subcategories: Fluent and Non-Fluent. There
are four types in the fluent aphasia category,
which include Anomic aphasia, Conduction
aphasia, Transcortical sensory aphasia,
Wernickes Aphasia.
Four types of non-fluent aphasias, which
include Transcortical Motor aphasia, Brocas
aphasia, Mixed Transcortical aphasia and
Global aphasia.
Types of Aphasia,
continued
Fluent Aphasia
Types of Aphasia,
continued
Transcortical
Motor aphasia (TcMA)
has relatively good auditory
Non-Fluent
Aphasia
comprehension and reserved repetition. TcMA is caused by
Research
A Yale study- Does Intensive
Therapy help?
Work Citied
Furman, J. (1992). The Speech Thing. New
Republic, 207 (8/9).
Hedge, M.N. (1995). Introduction to Communicative
Disorders, Second Edition. Texas: Pro-Ed.
Luria, A.R. (1973). The Working Brain: An
Introduction to Neuropsychology. New York: Basic
Book.
Raloff, J. (1982). Aphasia: Therapy Helps, seldom
cures. Science News, 122 (24).
Snyder, P.J. & Nussbaum, P.D. (1998). Clinical
Neuropsychology: A Pocket Handbook for
Assessment. Washington D.C.: American
Psychological Association.