DIGITAL LOGIC

DESIGN

Lecture 1
Introduction to DLD

COURSE INFORMATION
Recommended

Books:

Digital

Logic & Computer Design by Morris Manno

Digital

Fundamentals by Thomas L. Floyd.

Reference
Digital

Books:

Systems, Principles and applications, 8th edition by

Tocci & Widmer .

Digital

Design, Principles & Practices , 3rd edition , Updated

by John F. Wakerly.
2

CONTENTS
Course Introduction, teaching & assessment
methodology
Distribution of course outline
Discussion on course outline
Introduction of Digital Systems
Introduction of Analog Systems
Comparison of Analog Vs. Digital Systems
Basics of Number Systems

GRADING POLICY
Quizzes

10

Assignments

10

Class Participation

05

Presentations

15

Mid-Term

25

Final Term Exam

35

Total

100

WHAT IS DLD?
Digital

logic design is a system in

electrical and computer engineering that
uses simple number values to produce
input and output operations.

WHAT IS DLD? CONT.

Digital logic design is the basis of electronic
systems, such as computers and cell phones.
Digital logic is rooted in binary code, which
make information through zeroes and ones,
giving each number in the binary code an
opposite value.
This system facilitates the design of electronic
circuits that convey information, including logic
gates with functions that include AND, OR and
NOT commands.

WHAT IS DIGITAL
A single character in a numbering system. In
decimal, digits are 0 through 9.
In binary, digits are 0 and 1. Describes any
system based on discontinuous data or events.
Computers are digital machines because at their
most basic level they can distinguish between just
two values, 0 and 1, or off and on.
There is no simple way to represent all the values
in between, such as 0.25. All data that a
computer processes must be encoded digitally, as
a series of zeroes and ones.

DIGITAL SYSTEMS

Digital Systems exist everywhere

Communication, banks, hospitals, Internet etc.

Computers are digital systems

ANALOG VS DIGITAL SYSTEMS

Analog means continuous

Analog parameters have continuous range of values

Example:

temperature is an analog parameter

Temperature

increases/decreases continuously

Kettle removed from stove

temperature

100oC

time

ANALOG VS DIGITAL SYSTEMS

Digital signals are non-continuous i.e. discrete
Consist

of fixed set of digits. E.g. number of months

in a year = 12; digits = {1,2,3,.,10,11,12} note that
11.3 or 4.9 are invalid here

Abrupt

transition (jumping) from one digit to another

10

11

12

Value

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

10

ANALOG VS DIGITAL SYSTEMS

Analog

Digital

11

DIGITIZATION

Process of conversion from analog to digital is called

digitization

12

COMPUTERS

Computers are digital systems

Deal with a vocabulary of two elements namely 0 and 1

also known as the binary system of numbers

Binary digits i.e. 0 and 1 are called bits

1
0

13

BINARY NUMBER SYSTEM

Decimal-to-Binary
Conversion

10
0 10 00100
1001 0
1
1 101
0 1
1
0
1
1
0
0
010 110
1
1 1001101000
1011001
0
1
1
0 0
0
1
1
0
10
1
00
101
1
0
0
1
0
0
001
011
110
1
1
11
00
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0 0

11

Binary-to-Decimal
Conversion

11 01 001011 0
0
1
0101 1
01
1 10
100110
0 1
00 0
10 1
11
01

0
0101
011

11001
0

11 001011
0
1
01 0
0010

14
14

DECIMAL (BASE 10) NUMBER SYSTEM

CONSISTS OF 10 SYMBOLS OR DIGITS

0 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9
15

BINARY (BASE 2) NUMBER SYSTEM

CONSISTS OF JUST TWO

01

16

COMPUTERS COUNT IN BASE 2

(BINARY)

Counting in Binary is the same, but with only two

symbols
On

(1)
Off (0)

10000
1111
1110
1101
1100
1011
1010
1001
1000
111
101
100
110
11
10
1
0
17

BINARY NUMBERS (BITS)

Bits can be represented as:

1 or 0
On or Off
Up or Down
Open or Closed
Yes or No
Black or White
Thick or Thin
Long or Short

18

DECIMAL (BASE 10) NUMBERS ARE

EXPRESSED IN THE POSITIONAL NOTATION
The right-most is the least significant digit

4202 = 2x100 + 0x101 + 2x102 + 4x103

The left-most is the most significant digit

19

DECIMAL (BASE 10) NUMBERS ARE

EXPRESSED IN THE POSITIONAL NOTATION

1
4202 = 2x100 + 0x101 + 2x102 + 4x103
1s multiplier
20

DECIMAL (BASE 10) NUMBERS ARE

EXPRESSED IN THE POSITIONAL NOTATION

10
4202 = 2x100 + 0x101 + 2x102 + 4x103
10s multiplier
21

DECIMAL (BASE 10) NUMBERS ARE

EXPRESSED IN THE POSITIONAL NOTATION

100
4202 = 2x100 + 0x101 + 2x102 + 4x103
100s multiplier
22

DECIMAL (BASE 10) NUMBERS ARE

EXPRESSED IN THE POSITIONAL NOTATION

1000
4202 = 2x100 + 0x101 + 2x102 + 4x103
1000s multiplier
23

DECIMAL NUMBERS
7,392= 7x103 + 3x102 + 9x101 + 2x100
Generally a decimal number is represented by a series of
coefficients

aa6 aa5 aa4 aa3 aa2 aa1 aa0. .aa-1 aa-2 aa-3 aa-4
6 5 4 3 2 1 0
-1 -2 -3 -4

aj cofficient are any of the 10 digit (0,1,29)

Decimal number are base 10

24

BINARY (BASE 2) NUMBERS ARE ALSO

EXPRESSED IN THE POSITIONAL NOTATION
The right-most is the least significant digit

10011 = 1x20 + 1x21 + 0x22 + 0x23 + 1x24

The left-most is the most significant digit

25

BINARY (BASE 2) NUMBERS ARE ALSO

EXPRESSED IN THE POSITIONAL NOTATION

1
10011 = 1x20 + 1x21 + 0x22 + 0x23 + 1x24
1s multiplier
26

BINARY (BASE 2) NUMBERS ARE ALSO

EXPRESSED IN THE POSITIONAL NOTATION

2
10011 = 1x20 + 1x21 + 0x22 + 0x23 + 1x24
2s multiplier
27

BINARY (BASE 2) NUMBERS ARE ALSO

EXPRESSED IN THE POSITIONAL NOTATION

4
10011 = 1x20 + 1x21 + 0x22 + 0x23 + 1x24
4s multiplier
28

BINARY (BASE 2) NUMBERS ARE ALSO

EXPRESSED IN THE POSITIONAL NOTATION

8
10011 = 1x20 + 1x21 + 0x22 + 0x23 + 1x24
8s multiplier
29

BINARY (BASE 2) NUMBERS ARE ALSO

EXPRESSED IN THE POSITIONAL NOTATION

16
10011 = 1x20 + 1x21 + 0x22 + 0x23 + 1x24
16s multiplier
30

Counting
COUNTING
IN
inDECIMAL
Decimal
00
11
22
3
3
4
45
56
67
78
89
9

10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19

20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29

30
31
32
33
34
35
36
.
.
.

Counting
in Binary
0
1
10
11
100
101
110
111
1000
1001

1010
1011
1100
1101
1110
1111
10000
10001
10010
10011

10100
10101
10110
10111
11000
11001
11010
11011
11100
11101

11110
11111
100000
100001
100010
100011
100100
.
. 31
.