Acquired

Immune
Deficiency
Syndrome

Acquired Immune Deficiency

Syndrome
A disease in which there is a severe
loss of the body's cellular immunity,
greatly lowering the resistance to
infection and malignancy. AIDS is a
syndrome caused by the HIV virus.It
is when a persons immune system is
too weak to fight off many infections,
and develops when the HIV infection is
very advanced.

ORIGIN
HIV is thought to originate in
Africa, where humans caught it
fromchimpanzees and other
apes. The virus that affects the
apes is very similar to HIV and is
called SIV (simian
immunodeficiency virus). This
virus spread to humansfollowing
contact with infected
chimpanzee blood during the
hunting of chimpanzees.

ORIGIN
The earliest known case of infection
with HIV-1 in a human was detected
in a blood sample collected in 1959
from a man in Kinshasa,
Democratic Republic of the
Congo. Genetic analysis of this blood
sample suggested that HIV-1 may
have stemmed from a single virus in
the late 1940s or early 1950s.

ORIGIN
In 1982 public health officials began to use the
term "acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome, or AIDS, to describe the
occurrences of opportunistic infections, Kaposi's
sarcoma andPneumocystis
jiroveciipneumonia in previously healthy people.
In 1983, scientists discovered the virus that
causes AIDS. The virus was at first named HTLVIII/LAV (human T-cell lymphotropic virustype III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus.
This name was later changed to HIV (human
immunodeficiency virus).

CASES IN THE
PHILIPPINES
A total of 841 new HIV cases were reported
for the sixth month of 2016 in the latest
HIV/AIDS Registry of the Philippines
(HARP), bringing to an average of 26 the
number of people diagnosed with HIV per day
in the country from just an average of four in
2010, nine in 2012 and 17 in 2014.A total of
1,822 HIV/AIDS deaths were reported from
January 1984 to June 2016.
HIV positive cases are getting younger in the
15-24 age group, which increased from 25
percent in 2006-2010 to 28 percent in 20112016. Between 2001 and 2005, it was 35-49
years. In 2006, it has become 25-34 years.

CASES WORLDWIDE
According to theWorld Health
Organization (WHO), there were
approximately 36.9 million people
worldwide living with HIV/AIDS at the end
of 2014. Of these, 2.6 million were children
(<15 years old). Most of these children live
in sub-Saharan Africa (the most affected
region, with 25.8 million people living with
HIV in 2014) and were infected by their
HIV-positive mothers during pregnancy,
childbirth or breastfeeding.

PROGRESSION
1. Acute HIV Infection
Earliest stage of HIV infection, and it developswithin 2 to 4
weeks after a person is infected with HIV. During this time, some
people have flu-like symptoms; greatest risk of transmission.
2. Chronic HIV Infection
Aalso called asymptomatic HIV infection or clinical
latency. During this stage of the disease, HIV continues to multiply
in the body but at very low levels. People with chronic HIV
infectionmay not have any HIV-related symptoms, but they can still
spread HIV to others. Without treatment with HIV medicines, chronic
HIV infection usually advances to AIDS in10 years or longer, though
it may take less time for some people.
3. AIDS
The final stage of HIV infection. Because HIV has severely
damaged the immune system, the body cant fight
offopportunistic infections. Without treatment, people with AIDS
typically survive about 3 years.

TRANSMISSION
By having unprotected sex.
Through blood, semen or vaginal secretions enter your body.
The virus can enter your body through mouth sores or small
tears that sometimes develop in the rectum or vagina during
sexual activity.
From blood transfusions.
By sharing needles.
HIV can be transmitted through needles and syringes
contaminated with infected blood.
During pregnancy or delivery or through breast-feeding.
Infected mothers can infect their babies. But by receiving
treatment for HIV infection during pregnancy, mothers
significantly lower the risk to their babies.

SIGNS AND
SYMPTOMS
EARLY STAGE SYMPTOMS
Some people may experience a flu-like
illness within2-4 weeksafter HIV infection. But
some people may not feel sick during this stage.
Fever
Chills
Rash
Night sweats
Muscle aches
Sore throat
Fatigue
Swollen lymph nodes
Mouth ulcers

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

PROGRESSION TO AIDS
Eventually the virus will weaken your bodys immune system
and you will progress to AIDS, the late stage of HIV infection.
Rapid weight loss
Recurring fever or profuse night sweats
Extreme and unexplained tiredness
Prolonged swelling of the lymph glands in the armpits, groin, or
neck
Diarrhea that lasts for more than a week
Sores of the mouth, anus, or genitals
Pneumonia
Red, brown, pink, or purplish blotches on or under the skin or
inside the mouth, nose, or eyelids
Memory loss, depression, and other neurologic disorders.

TEST AND
DIAGNOSIS
HIV is most commonly diagnosed by testing your blood
or saliva for antibodies to the virus. Unfortunately, it
takes time for your body to develop these antibodies
usually up to 12 weeks.
Antibody screening test(immunoassay) - most
common HIV test which tests for the antibodies that
your body makes against HIV. It may be performed on
blood or oral fluid (not saliva).
Antigen/antibody combination tests - can find HIV
as soon as 3 weeks after exposure to the virus, but
they are only available for testing blood, not oral fluid.
Rapid test- an immunoassay used for screening,
and it produces quick results, in 30 minutes or less.
Rapid tests use blood or oral fluid to look for antibodies
to HIV.

TREATMENT
There's no cure for HIV/AIDS, but a variety of drugs can be used
in combination to control the virus.
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)
- disable a protein needed by HIV to make copies of itself
Nucleoside or nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
(NRTIs) - faulty versions of building blocks that HIV needs to
make copies of itself.
Protease inhibitors (PIs) - disable protease, another protein
that HIV needs to make copies of itself
Entry or fusion inhibitors - these drugs block HIV's entry into
CD4 cells.
Integrase inhibitors works by disabling integrase, a protein
that HIV uses to insert its genetic material into CD4 cells.

PREVENTION PROGRAMS
BY THE PHILIPPINE
GOVERNMENT

HIV/STI PREVENTION
PROGRAM
Availability of free voluntary HIV Counseling and
Testing Service;
100% Condom Use Program (CUP) especially for
entertainment establishments;
Peer education and outreach;
Multi-sectoral coordination through Philippine
National AIDS Council (PNAC);
Empowerment of communities;
Community assemblies and for a to reduce
stigma;
Augmentation of resources of social Hygiene
Clinics; and
Procured male condoms distributed as education
materials during outreach.

Republic Act No. 8504"Philippine AIDS Prevention

and Control Act of 1998"
An act promulgating policies and
prescribing measures for the
prevention and control of HIV/AIDS in
the Philippines, instituting a nationwide
HIV/AIDS information and educational
program, establishing a comprehensive
HIV/AIDS monitoring system,
strengthening the Philippine National
Aids Council, and for other purposes.