SUBMITTED BYMOHAMMED YASEEN

K
2015-BPT-023

 ECONOMIC TRAITE OF
LAYERS
ECONOMIC TRAITS OF
BROILERS

Qualitative genes
Quantitative genes

Qualitative genes
The characters controlled by one or few pairs of
genes, shows discontinuous variation and least
influenced by environment.
Eg:comb type
Plumage
Shank colour
Plumage pattern
Curling of feathers

Quantitative genes
The characters controlled by many pairs of genes,
shows continuous variation and influenced by
environmental factors.
Eg:Egg production
Fertility
hatchability

Economic traits of layers

Age at sexual maturity
Body weight at ASM
Egg number
Egg weight
Egg quality
Feed efficiency
livability

ECONOMIC TRAITS OF BROILERS

Body weight and growth rate
Feed efficiency
Livability at market age
Dressing percentage

ECONOMIC TRAITS OF
LAYERS

Age at sexual maturity

Pullets reach 5% egg production.
21st week of age.
Sometimes may be reached even at 19th or 20th
week which is not desirable.
If laying stars early, the eggs laid are small in
size.
Strain of the bird and quality of feed.

Body weight at maturity

This character decides feed efficiency, egg number and egg
weight
The body weight of layer at start o lay has to be optimal, it
should neither be low nor high (1.2-1.3)
Low body weight indicates poor egg production and egg weight
Higher body weight at maturity will leads to higher feed
consumption and reduced persistency
Higher body weight leads to higher egg weight and affect the
egg production
Strain and feed quality

Egg number
310-320 eggs in one year (21-72 weeks of age).
Strain of the bird.
Age and body weight at start of lay.
Lighting schedule during growing and laying period.
Feed quality (protein, energy, vitamins, minerals and trace mineral
content and toxin free feed.
Culling procedure.
Climate.
System of feeding.
Water quality.
Vaccination and other disease control measures influence egg
number.

Egg weight
50-55g on an average
Egg weight is mainly depend upon body weight of
the bird
Birds at later stage of production, lays large sized
eggs
All other factors such as quality of feed,
managemental factor, age, strain etc., which
influences body weight also have an influence on
egg weight

FEED EFFICIENCY OF A LAYER

DEPENDS ON
Strain of the bird
Average egg number
Egg weight
Quality of feed
Managemental practices

Livability
Brooder (0-8 weeks)-mortality 4% (96%)
Grower (9-20 weeks)-mortality 2-3% (93-94%)
Layer (21-72weeks)-mortality 6-8% (87-90%)

Egg quality
Egg size/weight
Shape
Shell colour
Cleanliness
Volume
Specific gravity
Surface area

Shell colour
Smoothness and roughness of shell surface and also
indicates shell quality.
Ooporphyrin gives brownish colour to the egg shell (Asian,
English and American).
The pigments oocyan causes other blue colour in eggs
(araucana breed)

ECONOMIC TRAITS OF
BROILERS

BODY WEIGHT AT MARKET AGE

It is the average live weight of a broiler when sold to market.
It is obtained by dividing the total weight of birds sold by the
number of broilers.
2-2.2kg in 38-42days
Strain (Cornish male line used in commercial broiler).
Disinfection, downtime, system of rearing, water sanitation,
feeding, night lighting, watering, floor space, housing design etc.
All in all out system rearing of same age group birds.

FEED EFFICIENCY

Feed efficiency

Quantity of feed consumed by a batch (kg)

Total live weight of bird at market age (kg)

Feed involves 70% of the cost of

production, feed efficiency of feed
conversion by the broilers determines profit
margin also.
FCR-1.6 is optimal

DRESSING PERCENTAGE
It is the proportion of edible meat
to total live weight which varies
from 72-76%

Fertility
Fertility %

No. of fertile eggs

Total no. of eggs

100