09 Enqueues

Enqueue Waits : Locks
#.2
Locks
Locks
REDO Lib Buffer

Cache Cache
Network
IO
Copyright 2006 Kyle Hailey

#.3
Enqueues = Locks
CI
TM
Buffer Cache
TX - row lock contention
Disk I/O
TX - allocate ITL entry
Enqueue
TX - index contention
Waits Library Cache
HW
Locks
Redo
ST Come in
SQL*Net
TS Many
Undo
US Types
SQ
#.4
Locks Covered in this Section

Part I
 TM – table modification
 TX – Transaction locks
 UL – user lock
Part II
 CI – Cross Instance
 CU – Cursor Bind
 HW – High Water
 RO – Reusable Object
 ST – Space Transaction
 TS – Temporary Space
#.5
Locks Can be Intractable

 Lock seems easy compared to latches or
other esoteric waits, but they can be
frustratingly intractable
 Statspack & AWR lacks enough data to solve
 To Solve, you need either
 Real time
 ASH
 Insolvable: No dependable way to find the

blocking SQL

#.6
Solving Enqueues
 Need SQL and Object/row
 Statspack fails
 V$active_session_history succeeds
 In “real time” can also use

 v$lock
 v$session
 dba_blockers
 dba_waiters
 ?/rdbms/admin/utllockt.sql
 http://www.evdbt.com/enqwaits.sql

Statspack 9i
#.7
Top 5 Timed Events Avg %Total

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ wait Call
Event Waits Time (s) (ms) Time
-------------------------- ------------ ----------- ------ ------
Enqueue 42 126 3000 96.5
CPU time 4 2.8
db file sequential read 165 1 4 .4
control file sequential read 214 0 1 .1
log file switch completion 2 0 40 .1
Statspack is INSUFFICIENT, missing

Who is blocked
Who Blocks
What blocks
How they are blocked
#.8
9i Investigation
Select * from v$event_name where

name=‘enqueue’;
Parameter1 parameter2 parameter3

---------- ---------- ----------
Name|mode id1 id2

#.9
9i Enqueue P1: Type and Mode

P1 P1RAW
---------- --------
1415053318 54580006
Type: 5458 Mode: 0006
Hex Decimal ASCII

54 = 84 = “T”
58 = 88 = “X”
Lock = TX 6
#.10
9i Translating Lock and Mode

SELECT
chr(bitand(p1,-16777216)/16777215)||
SELECT
chr(bitand(p1, 16711680)/65535) Type,
chr(bitand(p1,-16777216)/16777215)||
mod(p1,16) lmode
fromchr(bitand(p1,
v$session_wait 16711680)/65535) “Type",
where event=‘enqueue’;
mod(p1,16) as “Mode"
from v$session_wait
TY LMODE
-- ----------
Where event=‘enqueue’
TX 6
/
#.11
10g Translates all the Enquques

 9i
 One Wait : “enqueue”
 10g
 208enqueue waits
 Specific to each type of enqueue
enq: HW - contention Configuration
enq: SQ - contention Configuration
enq: SS - contention Configuration
enq: ST - contention Configuration
enq: TM - contention Application
enq: TW - contention Administrative
enq: TX - allocate ITL entry Configuration
enq: TX - index contention Concurrency
enq: TX - row lock contention Application
enq: TX – contention Application
#.12
Version 9 : P2 and P3
Parameter1 parameter2 parameter3
---------- ---------- ----------
Name|mode id1 id2
ID1 and ID2
 had different meanings for each lock type
 Never defined
Defined in 10g
 Parameter 2 = ID1
 Parameter 3 = ID2

Common Lock Types #.13
Select event, parameter2 , parameter3 from v$event_name
Wait Event Parameter2 Parameter3

enq: CI - contention opcode type
enq: CF - contention 0 operation
enq: CU - contention handle handle
enq: HW - contention table space # block
enq: IM - contention for blr pool # 0
enq: RO - contention 2 0
enq: RO - fast object reuse 2 0
enq: SQ - contention object # 0
enq: ST - contention 0 0
enq: TM - contention object # table/partition
enq: TS - contention tablespace ID dba
enq: TX - allocate ITL entry usn<<16 | slot sequence
enq: TX - contention usn<<16 | slot sequence
enq: TX - index contention usn<<16 | slot sequence
enq: TX - row lock contention usn<<16 | slot sequence
enq: UL - contention id 0
enq: US - contention undo segment # 0

#.14
Statspack 10g
5 Timed Events Avg %Total
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ wait Call
Event Waits Time (s) (ms) Time
----------------------------- ------ -------- ------ ------
enq: TX - row lock contention 42 126 3000 96.5
CPU time 4 2.8
db file sequential read 165 1 4 .4
control file sequential read 214 0 1 .1
log file switch completion 2 0 40 .1
10g Better, tells what kind of lock

But still not
who is blocked,
who blocks them
what they are blocked on
#.15
V$active_session_history
Succeeds
 Who is waiting  Who is the blocker
 SESSION_ID  BLOCKING_SESSION
 SESSION_SERIAL#  BLOCKING_SESSION_STATUS
 USER_ID
 BLOCKING_SESSION_SERIAL#
 On what object
 What is the Blocker SQL
 CURRENT_OBJ#
 CURRENT_FILE#
 not reliably possible
 Maybe by dumping REDO
 CURRENT_BLOCK#
 With what SQL

 SQL_ID
OEM externalize all of this

OEM 10g #.16
if P1 = 1415053318
then mode = 6
Then it is a data block
row lock
10g: find the lock mode #.17
 P1 (parameter1) same for all locks

select distinct parameter1 from v$event_name
where name like 'enq:%'
PARAMETER1
----------
name|mode
select distinct event, p1, to_char(p1,'XXXXXXXX') p1raw
from v$active_session_history where event like 'enq:%‘;
EVENT P1 P1RAW
------------------------------ ---------- ---------
enq: TX - row lock contention 1415053316 54580004
enq: TX - allocateCopyright
ITL 2006entry
Kyle Hailey 1415053316 54580004
P1 = name | mode #.18
 P1 (parameter1) same for all locks

select distinct parameter1 from v$event_name
where name like 'enq:%'
PARAMETER1
select
distinct event, ----------
name|mode
p1,
mod(p1,16) as "mode"
from v$active_session_history
where event like 'enq:%‘;
EVENT P1 mode
----------------------------- ---------- ----
enq: TX - allocate ITL entry 1415053316 4
enq: TX - row lock Copyright
contention 1415053316
2006 Kyle Hailey 4
#.19
Mode Cheat Sheet

TX
if P1 = 1415053316
then mode = 4
if P1 = 1415053318
then mode = 6

#.20
Lock Modes
# Type Name
--- ------- ---------------------------
1 Null Null
2 SS Sub share
3 SX Sub exclusive
4 S Share
5 SSX Share/sub exclusive
6 X Exclusive

#.21
Transaction Locks (TX)
TX = Transaction = Wait on UNDO
 Mode 6
 modification of a row lock
 Mode 4
 Index block spilt
 Unique Index Key enforcement
 Foreign key enforcement
 ITL space waits
 Bitmap chunk conflicts
 Alter tablespace … read only;
 Free Lists slot waits
 Possible with two phase commit

#.22
Transaction Locks (TX)
9i Only had one TX lock, but 10g has 4:
3.enq: TX - allocate ITL entry

 Wait on an ITL slot
4.enq: TX - index contention
 Index block split
5.enq: TX - row lock contention
 Mode 6 – classic row lock
 Mode 4 - pk violation, fk violation, bitmap chunk
wait
6.enq: TX – contention
 Wait for a data file extension, Alter tbs read
only
#.23
TX Lock
Session B
Undo
Wait for Tx Segment
update toto set
To commit Header
name = ‘ADAMS’
where id = 1; Undo
Segment
Table Toto
DataBlock
Data Block
Header
Header
Transaction 1
Session a
update toto set
name = ‘SMITH’
Row 1 where
Delete id = 1;toto where
from
id = 2; from toto where
Delete
#.24
enq: TX - row lock contention

Mode 6, row in data block – only one reason
User 1 User 2
SQL> delete from toto

where id = 1;
SQL> delete from toto

where id =1;
--hang
SQL> Delete from titi
Where id = 1;
enq: TX - row lock contention #.25
if P1 = 1415053318
then mode = 6
Then it is a data block
row lock

#.26
enq: TX - row lock contention
TX Mode 6
Table
ID Value Session 1: delete where id = 1;
no commit
1 foo
Session 2: delete where id = 1 ;
Enqueue TX 6

#.27
TX – Mode 4
if P1 = 1415053316
then mode = 4
Not same data but conflicts

#.28
enq: TX - row lock

contention
Mode 4, happens for 3 reasons
2. Unique key contention
3. Foreign Key contention
4. Bitmap index contention
(others?)

#.29
1. enq: TX - row lock contention

Mode 4 , unique index
User 1 User 2
create table p(n number);
create unique index p_i
on p(n);
insert into p values(3);
insert into p values(3);
--hang

#.30

PK Table
ID ID Value Mode 4 , unique index

2? 2?
Session 1: Insert key

no commit
Session 2: Insert into same key :

Enqueue TX 4
#.31

Mode 4, foreign key
User 8 User 10
create table parent (
id number primary key);
create table child (
id number references parent,
name varchar2(20));
insert into parent values (2);
insert into child values (2,88);

-- hang

#.32
TX 4 - Foreign Key
PK Parent Child
ID ID Value ID Name
2? 2? 2
Foreign Key
Session 1: Insert key into parent

no commit
Session 2: Insert into child same key :

Enqueue TX 4
#.33

 Mode 4
 Bitmaps are compressed
 Changes to the same bitmap cause locks
Value Start End Bitmap
Rowid Rowid
1 01010000111000011100001100
000.000.0000 000.000.000
2 01010000111000011100001100
000.000.0000 000.000.000

#.34

Session 1
create table t1 ( Different rows but
n1 number(4), same key value
n2 number(4));
insert into t1
select 1, rownum
from all_objects
where rownum <= 400;
commit;
create bitmap index i1 on t1(n1);
update t1 set n1 = 2
where n2 = 12; Session 2
update t1 set n1 = 2
where n2 = 13;
#.35
 Bitmaps are compressed
 Changes to the same bitmap chunk cause
locks
Rowid Rowid
1 01010000111000011100001100
200.0 204.7
1 01010000111000011100001100
205.0 210.3
2 01010000111000011100001100
200.0 205.6
block row
#.36

Rowid Rowid
1 01010000111000011100001100
200.0 204.7
2 01010000111000011100001100
205.0 210.3
3 01010000111000011100001100
200.0 205.6
Session 1 Session 2
Update id=800
Update id=3
set value 2
set value 2
#.37
Summary: TX 4 from ASH

uniq index
ST EVENT SID LM P2 P3 OBJ OTYPE FN BLOCKN SQL_ID BSID
----- ---------------------- --- --- ------ ---- ----- ----- --- ------ --
10:39 enq: TX - row lock c 141 4 655406 6672 -1 0 0 bjvx94vnxtxgv 158
FK (10.2.0.3)
----- ---------------------- --- --- ------ ---- ----- ----- --- ------ --
10:41 enq: TX - row lock c 144 4 179681 7074 CHILD TABLE 1 60954 ahm7c9rupbz9r 1
bitmap
----- ---------------------- --- --- ------ ---- ----- ----- --- ------ --
10:41 enq: TX - row lock c 143 4 966081 4598 I1 INDEX 0 0 azav296xxqcjx 144

#.38
enq: TX - allocate ITL entry
Transaction 1 Info
DataBlock
Data Block
Transaction 2 Info
Header
Header
ITL
Data

#.39
DataBlock
Data Block
Header
Header
Transaction 1 Transaction 3
Transaction 2
Row 3
Row 2
Data
Row 1

#.40

create table itl (
id number,
data varchar2(20)
)
pctfree 0
initrans 1
;
insert into itl select rownum,'a' from all_objects
where rownum < 2000;
commit;
session 1: update itl set data=data where id=1;

#.41
enq: TX - contention
Example
 Session 1 – start transaction, don’t commit
 Session 2 – alter tablespace read only
Example
Data File Extension – waiter waitng for another session to extend file
Index Block Split – waiter waiting for another session to split the block
Others ?
 Free Lists
 Non-ASSM
 Sessions freeing block
 If no txs free lists available (min 16, grow up depending on block size) , pick one and wait
TX 4
 2PC – two phase commit
 First does a prepare the commit
 Any read or write access in the intervening time waits TX 4
#.42
TX Further Investigation
select event, sql_id,
CURRENT_OBJ# || ' ' || name obj
,CURRENT_FILE# file#
,CURRENT_BLOCK# block#
from v$active_session_history ash,
obj$ o
where
event like 'enq: TX%'
and o.obj# (+)= ash.current_obj#
order by sample_time
EVENT SQL_ID OBJ FILE# BLOCK#

------------------------------ ------------- --------- --- ------
enq: TX - row lock contention ahm7c9rupbz9r 53363 FOO 1 123586
enq: TX - row lock contention bjvx94vnxtxgv 53363 FOO 1 123586
enq: TX - row lock contention bjvx94vnxtxgv 53363 FOO 1 123586
#.43
TX Further Investigation
Who is the blocker:
V$active_session_history :
BLOCKING_SESSION
BLOCKING_SESSION_STATUS
BLOCKING_SESSION_SERIAL#
No Guarentee of finding blocker SQL

#.44
enq: TM - contention
 TX locks have a corresponding TM lock
 TM locks the structure from change
 Parameter1 = object id
LOCK Parmeter1 Parmeter2(ID1) Parameter3(ID2)
------- --------- ------------- ---------------
enq: TM name|mode object # table/partition

#.45
Exclusive Row Level Lock
User 1 User 2
create table parent (
id number primary key);
create table child (
id number references parent,
name varchar2(20));
commit;
insert into child values (1,2);
delete from parent where id=2;

#.46
PK Parent Child
ID ID Value ID Name
1 1 1
X
2 X
2
Session 1 Insert into Child ID=1
Session 2 Delete from Parent where ID=2 :

Enqueue TM 4
Session 2 doesn’t know the value Session 1 inserted
Session 2 only knows there is an outstanding change
#.47
enq: TM – contention
Solution
PK Parent Index Child
ID ID Value ID ID Name
1 1
2
Foreign Key
Session 1: Insert into Child ID=1

Session 2: Delete from Parent ID=2
OK – can verify quickly in the child index
#.48
TM Further Investigation
select
event,
sql_id,
mod(p1,16) as "mode",
p2|| ' ' || o.name obj
obj$ o
where
event like 'enq: TM%'
and o.obj# (+)= ash.p2
order by sample_time;
EVENT SQL_ID mode OBJ
------------------------------ ------------- ---- ---------------
enq: TM - contention 8zw36yw3fq4yy 4 53372 CHILD
#.49
UL Locks
 User-defined Locks
 dbms_lock

enq: UL - contention id 0
dbms_lock.allocate_unique(v_lockname, v_lockhandle);
dbms_lock.request(v_lockhandle, p_ltype);
dbms_lock.release(v_lockhandle);

#.50
Internal Locks
 RO – Reuse Object
 ST – Space Transaction

#.51
enq: CI - contention
 Cross Instance
 not OPS lock.
 invoke actions in background processes
 checkpoints
 log switches
 instance is shut down

#.52
CI – Cross Instance
Id1 Meaning (parameter2) Id2 Meaning (parameter3)
0 Flush buffers for reuse as new class 1 Pass in Parameters
1 LGWR checkpointing and Hot Backup 2 Invoke the call in background process
2 DBWR synchronization of SGA with control file 3 Foreground has not returned yet
3 Log file add/drop/rename notification 4 Used to allocate the CI call
4 Write buffer for CR read 5 Used to queue up interested clients
5 Test Call
6 Invalidate KCK cache in all instances
7 Alter rollback segment optimal
8 Signal Query Servers/coordinator
9 Create Remote Parallel Query Server
10 Set Global Partitions
11 Stop Disk Writes
12 Drop Sort Segments
13 Release unused space from Sort Segments
14 Instance Recovery for Parallel operation Group
15 Validate parallel slave Lock Value
16 Check Transaction State Objects

#.53
CI Locks
select
substr(sql_text,0,20) sql_text,
p2,p3,
obj$ o,
v$sqltext sql
where
event like 'enq: CI%'
and sql.sql_id (+)= ash.sql_id
SQL_TEXT P2 P3 OBJ FILE# BLOCK#
-------------------- ----- ------- ------------ ------ -------
INSERT INTO TOTO1 VA 1 5 54225 TOTO1 6 682721

#.54
CI Locks
SQL_TEXT P2 P3
---------------------------------------- --- --
alter table XXXXX drop partition YYYYY 1 5
ID1 = 2 " LGWR checkpointing and Hot Backup "
ID2 = 5. "Used to queue up interested clients"
If p2=1 and p3=5, then contention on blocks being

checkpointed, try raising fast_start_mttr_target
alter system set fast_start_mttr_target=600 scope=both;

#.55
enq: CU - contention
cursor bind
From Jonathan Lewis:
 Protects the variable definitions while the
cursor is being optimized.
 8i one CU per bind
 9i one CU per cursor

enq: HW - contention #.56

enq: HW - contention table space # block
Session 1 Header
Table
Session 2
Data
Session 3
High Water Mark

Empty

#.57
HW
 Use Freelists
 Cause multiple jumps in High Water Mark
 Pre-Allocate Extents
 Alter table XXXX allocate extent;
 Hidden Parameter
 _bump_highwater_mark_count
 alter session set "_bump_highwater_mark_count"=100;
 Not supported
 ASSM
 Automatic segment space management
 Partition Object

HW Further Investigation #.58
select
event,
sql_id,
obj$ o
where
event like 'enq: HW%'
EVENT SQL_ID OBJ FILE# BLOCK#

-------------------- ------------- ----------- ----- ------
enq: HW - contention 49ch3jfkncnsp 53410 T1_I1 13 29734

#.59
enq: KO - fast object checkpoint

 Used when checking the cache for blocks
from a table for PQO direct read

#.60
enq: RO - fast object reuse
 Drop or Truncate a table
 Wait for DBWR to clean cache
 Solution
 Smaller cache
 Tune DBWR using smaller MTTR
 Use GTT
 Truncate/drop less often
alter system set fast_start_mttr_target=17 scope=both;
SELECT TARGET_MTTR, ESTIMATED_MTTR,

CKPT_BLOCK_WRITES
FROM V$INSTANCE_RECOVERY
#.61
enq: ST - contention
Space Transaction management lock
 Space Transaction Lock
 Allocating/deallocating extents
 Dictionary Managed Tablespaces
 Id1, Id2 Combinations:
 Always 0, Always 0.
 Solution
 Got to Locally Managed Tablespaces

#.62
Other Resources
@?/rdbms/admin/utllockt
WAITING_SESSION LOCK_TYPE MODE_REQUESTED MODE_HELD LOCK_ID1 LOCK_ID2
--------------- ----------- -------------- --------- --------- --------
144 None
139 Transaction Share Exclusive 131113 7507

#.63
Blocking Sessions

#.64
Summary : Internal Locks

 Look at object and SQL
 use LMT, freelists, pre-allocate extents
 KO – fast object checkpoint
 PQO
 RO – reusable object
 Reduce cache, tune DBWR, use GTT
 SQ – Sequence Lock
 logon/logoff problem
 ST - Space Transaction
 only one per database
 used for space allocations uet, fet
 Find object
 use LMT

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09 Enqueues

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Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Enqueue Waits : Locks

REDO Lib Buffer

Copyright 2006 Kyle Hailey

Locks Covered in this Section

Locks Can be Intractable

 Insolvable: No dependable way to find the

Copyright 2006 Kyle Hailey

 In “real time” can also use

Copyright 2006 Kyle Hailey

Top 5 Timed Events Avg %Total

Statspack is INSUFFICIENT, missing

Select * from v$event_name where

Parameter1 parameter2 parameter3

Copyright 2006 Kyle Hailey

9i Enqueue P1: Type and Mode

Type: 5458 Mode: 0006

Hex Decimal ASCII

9i Translating Lock and Mode

10g Translates all the Enquques

Copyright 2006 Kyle Hailey

Select event, parameter2 , parameter3 from v$event_name

Wait Event Parameter2 Parameter3

Copyright 2006 Kyle Hailey

10g Better, tells what kind of lock

 With what SQL

OEM externalize all of this

Copyright 2006 Kyle Hailey

 P1 (parameter1) same for all locks

 P1 (parameter1) same for all locks

Mode Cheat Sheet

Copyright 2006 Kyle Hailey

Copyright 2006 Kyle Hailey

Copyright 2006 Kyle Hailey

3.enq: TX - allocate ITL entry

enq: TX - row lock contention

SQL> delete from toto

SQL> delete from toto

Copyright 2006 Kyle Hailey

enq: TX - row lock contention

Copyright 2006 Kyle Hailey

Copyright 2006 Kyle Hailey

enq: TX - row lock

Copyright 2006 Kyle Hailey

1. enq: TX - row lock contention

Copyright 2006 Kyle Hailey

1. enq: TX - row lock contention

ID ID Value Mode 4 , unique index

Session 1: Insert key

Session 2: Insert into same key :

1. enq: TX - row lock contention

insert into child values (2,88);

Copyright 2006 Kyle Hailey

Session 1: Insert key into parent

Session 2: Insert into child same key :

1. enq: TX - row lock contention

Copyright 2006 Kyle Hailey

1. enq: TX - row lock contention

1. enq: TX - row lock contention

Summary: TX 4 from ASH

Copyright 2006 Kyle Hailey

enq: TX - allocate ITL entry

Copyright 2006 Kyle Hailey