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Adjective, Verb & Adverb

Objectives of the session


After this session, you will be able to
Understand the correct usage of adjectives, verbs and
adverbs in Academic English
Identify common mistakes in the usage of adjectives,
verbs and adverbs in Academic English
Use adjectives, verbs and adverbs in error-free
academic writing

Adjective
An adjective is a word used to modify a noun or a pronoun. To modify a word means
to describe the word or to make its meaning more definite.
An adjective modify a word by telling:
1. What kind, ( adjective of quality)
2. Which one, ( demonstrative adjective)
3. How much
4. How many

Quantitative
adjective

What kind?
( Qualitative)

Which one?
( demonstrative)

How much or how many?


(Quantitative)

Tall woman

Another one

Less time

Steep mountain

This year

More money

Eager clerk

Last answer

Many mistakes

Tired dog

Those people

Few marbles

Exciting story

That dress

Larger share

Types of Adjective
Descriptive Adjective/ Adjective of quality
The adjectives which describe the quality e.g. good or bad.
Examples:
1. The young boys are often impatient.
2. The rich people should be kind to the poor.
3. The old men were sitting in the sun.

Quantitative Adjectives
Describe the quantity of something.
Quantitative adjectives are:
Much, many, more, little, some, few, any and all numbers.

1. Many and few are used with countable nouns.


2. Much and little are used with uncountable nouns.

Demonstrative Adjective
Demonstrative adjectives point out which person or thing is meant.
Example: This, that, these , those, such, last, another

1. This boy is stronger than Rafiq.


2. These mangoes are sour.
3. I hate such things.
4. That girl is Intelligent.

Degrees of Adjectives

Positive

Comparative

Superlative

Big

Bigger

Biggest

Great

Greater

Greatest

Short

Shorter

Shortest

Old

Older

Oldest

Large

Larger

Largest

Happy

Happier

Happiest

Lucky

Luckier

Luckiest

Heavy

Heavier

Heaviest

Beautiful

More beautiful

Most beautiful

Horrible

More horrible

Most horrible

Good

Better

Best

Bad

Worse

Worst

Little

Less

Least

Many

More

Most

Order of Adjectives
1. Opinion
2. Size
3. other qualities
4. Age
5. Colour
6. Origin
7. Material
8. Type
9. Purpose

Activity Time = 10 minutes


Read Page no 109-111
Solve Ex # 8,9,10 on page no 140,141

Verbs
A verb is a word which describes the action in a sentence
(the doing word)
Examples
I play squash.
They skip slowly.
We eat biryani.
Amjad is seven today.

Types of verb
Action verbs
Linking verbs ( Auxiliary/modal verbs)
Transitive
Intransitive

Action verbs
An action verb is a word that shows what
someone or something is doing.
Examples:
1. Arshad sleeps on the sofa.
2. The hunter searches for a deer.
3. Parveen reads The Adventure of Tom Sawyer.

Linking verbs
It links or connects the subject with a noun, a pronoun, an adjective in
the predicate.
For example
1. Pervaiz is happy.
2. The soup tasted delicious.
3. The tiger looked tame.

Modal
verbs

Transitive verb
A transitive verb describes an action which passes over from the
subject to an object.
Example:
1. The boy learnt a lesson.
2. He ate an apple.
3. He bought her a new car.

Intransitive verb
An intransitive verb describes an action which does not pass
over to an object.
e.g.
1. The baby sleeps.
2. We walked to the park.

Activity time =10 minutes


Read page no 89-90
Solve ex 41,42,43 on page no 156,157

Activity time = 10 minutes


Read page no 107
Solve ex no 68,69 on page no 166,167

Adverbs
An adverb is a word which modifies the meaning of a verb, an adjective or another
adverb.
For example:
Ali runs quickly.
This is a very sweet mango.
Zain reads quite clearly.

Types of Adverb
Adverbs of time
Adverbs of manner
Adverbs of place
Adverbs of frequency
Adverbs of quantity

Adverbs of time (shows when)


Before
Today
Adverbs of time tell when something happened.
Ago

I have heard this before.


We shall now begin to work.
I hurt my knee yesterday.

Soon
Few
yesterday
Lately
Tomorrow
Already
sometimes

Adverbs of manner (shows how or in what


manner)
Adverbs of manner tell how something happened.
For example,
The story is well written.
The child slept soundly.
The boy works hard.

Adverbs of place ( which shows where)


Adverbs of place tell where something happened.
For example:
Stand here.
I searched everywhere I could think of.
John looked around but he couldn't see the child.

Adverbs of Frequency ( shows how often)


Adverbs of frequency tell how often things happen.
For example:
You often makes mistakes.
He seldom comes here.
He always tries to do his best.

Adverbs of Quantity ( how much or in what


degree or to what extent )
Adverbs of quantity tell to how much extent something
happens.
For example:

Few
A lot
many
more

John was too careless.


I am fully prepared.
I am so glad.

Much
too
Enough
very

Common words used as an adjective and adverbs


Some words are used both as adjectives and as adverbs.
For example:
early, daily, weekly, yearly, hourly, quarterly, fast, straight, just, low, clear, clean,
most etc.
This is a weekly journal. (adjective weekly modifies the noun journal)
It comes out weekly. (weekly modifies the verb comes)
Her voice was low. (Adjective)
The helicopter flew low over the trees. (Adverb)

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