Organization

Organization is a system which operates through

human activity.
Organizations are very complex social formations,
their links cant be described with only one theory.
Organization Theories concerns 3 levels:

Macro: cooperation among different organization

Mezzo: structures of the organizations, and influencing
factors
Micro: behavior of the members of the organizations,
motivation, conflict etc.

What is Management?

Definition: Process of designing and

maintaining an environment in which
individuals working together in groups
efficiently accomplish selected aims.

Managers carry out various managerial

functions
This applies to any kind of organisation
Applies to all managers at all organisational
levels
Creation of surplus

In the book, In search of excellence,

Thomas Peters and Robert Waterman
identified 43 companies as excellent :
Action oriented
Learned about needs of customers
Promoted managerial autonomy and
entrepreneurship
Achieving productivity by paying close
attention to people
Driven by company philosophy based on
values of their leaders

Business focus (on what they know best)

Simple organisation structure with a lean
staf
Centralisation vs decentralisation
depending on appropriateness.

Getting
Getting work
work
done
done through
through
others
others

Efficiency
Efficiency
Effectiveness
Effectiveness

Efficiency is achievement of goals with least

available resources

Efectiveness is accomplishment of goals

Did you know that: Upon graduating, he

turned down an offer from IBM on the
advice of JRD Tata
Started his career with: Tata Steel, on the
shopfloor
Leadership style: Aloof and understated,
but always on the ball
Famous Quote: "I don't believe in taking
right decisions. I take decisions and then
make them right"

Managing Director & Chief Executive

Officer, ICICI Bank
Leadership Style: Meticulous, demands
excellence
Famous Quote: "Demands do not go up or
down they are constantly there. Often, you
feel you are doing too much."

Famous quote: "As you get bigger, you

have to delegate. It's also an excellent way
to get staff involved in the company's
operations.
Icon: JRD Tata
Leadership style: Knows every small
detail of his businesses, but does not
interfere with everyday operations of the
various independent business heads

Interpersonal

Informational

Decisional

Figurehead
Figurehead

Monitor
Monitor

Entrepreneur
Entrepreneur

Leader
Leader

Disseminator
Disseminator

Liaison
Liaison

Spokesperson
Spokesperson

Disturbance
Disturbance
Handler
Handler
Resource
Resource
Allocator
Allocator
Negotiator
Negotiator

Classical
Management Functions

Planning
Planning
Organizing
Organizing
Staffing
Staffing
Leading
Leading
Controlling
Controlling

Updated
Management Functions

Making
MakingThings
ThingsHappen
Happen
Meeting
Meetingthe
theCompetition
Competition
Organizing
OrganizingPeople,
People,
Projects,
Projects,and
andProcesses
Processes

Top Level Management

Middle Level Management

First-Line
Management

CEO
COO
CIO
General Mgr
Plant Mgr
Regional Mgr

Office Manager
Shift Supervisor
Department Manager
Team Leader

Responsible
Responsible for
for
Creating
Creating aa context
context for
for change
change
Developing
Developing attitudes
attitudes of
of commitment
commitment
and
and ownership
ownership in
in employees
employees
Creating
Creating aa positive
positive organizational
organizational
culture
culture through
through language
language and
and action
action
Monitoring
Monitoring their
their business
business environments
environments

Responsible
Responsible for
for
Setting
Setting objectives
objectives consistent
consistent with
with top
top
management
management goals,
goals, planning
planning strategies
strategies
Coordinating
Coordinating and
and linking
linking groups,
groups,
departments,
departments, and
and divisions
divisions
Monitoring
Monitoring and
and managing
managing the
the performance
performance
of
of subunits
subunits and
and managers
managers who
who report
report to
to them
them
Implementing
Implementing the
the changes
changes or
or strategies
strategies
generated
generated by
by top
top managers
managers

Responsible
Responsible for
for
Managing
Managing the
the performance
performance of
of
entry-level
entry-level employees
employees
Teaching
Teaching entry-level
entry-level employees
employees
how
how to
to do
do their
their jobs
jobs
Making
Making schedules
schedules and
and operating
operating plans
plans based
based on
on
middle
middle managements
managementsintermediate-range
intermediate-range plans
plans

Technical
Technical Skills
Skills

Human
Human Skill
Skill

Conceptual
Conceptual Skill
Skill

Design/motivational
Design/motivational Skill
Skill

Core skills and their use in the

different levels
Managerial levels
Lower

Middle

Top

Conceptual skills
Human skills
Technical skills

The golden rule management philosophy

Trust

people fairly but according to merit

Make others feel important
Motivate people by praise
Encourage feedback
Sandwich every bit of criticism between two
layers of heavy praise
Have an open-door philosophy
Help other people get what they want
Never hide behind policy or pomposity

The effective management of people

Old Manager

New Manager

Thinks of self
as manager
or boss

Thinks of self as
sponsor, team leader,
or internal consultant

Works within
a set
organizationa
l structure

Changes
organizational
structure in response
to market change

Success Domains
Personal
Growth

Relationships
Work
Power

Integrity

Spirituality

Health
Key

is Balance

Material
Wealth