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HOW HEAT IS
TRANSFERED?
Heat can transfer between the surface of a
solid conductor and the surrounding
medium whenever temperature gradient
exists.
Conduction
Convection
1.Natural convection
2.Forced Convection
Note:
HEAT CAN ONLY FLOW FROM THE
HOTTER TO THE COOLER FLUID.
APPLICATIONS OF HEAT
EXCHANGERS
PARALLEL AND
COUNTERFLOW HX
In counter-flow heat exchangers the fluids enter
the exchanger from opposite ends. The counter
current design is most efficient, in that it can
transfer the most heat.
In parallel-flow heat exchangers, the two fluids
enter the exchanger at the same end, and travel
in parallel to one another to the other side.
For Counter current flow (i.e. where the hot stream, liquid or gas,
goes from say left to right, and the cold stream, again liquid or gas
goes from right to left), is given by the following equation:
And for Parallel flow (i.e. where the hot stream, liquid or gas, goes
from say left to right, and so does the cold stream), is given by the
following equation:
*NTU METHOD
-The Number of Transfer Units (NTU) Method is used to calculate
the rate of heat transfer in heat exchangers (especially counter
current exchangers) when there is insufficient information to
calculate the Log-Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD).
- The method proceeds by calculating the heat capacity rates (i.e.
flow rate multiplied by specific heat) Ch and Cc for the hot and cold
fluids respectively, and denoting the smaller one as Cmin.
EFFECTIVENESS OF HX
E is then defined in terms of that maximum:
PURPOSE OF THE
PERFORMANCE TEST
To determine the overall heat transfer
coefficient for assessing the performance
of the heat exchanger
Any deviation from the design heat
transfer coefficient will indicate occurrence
of fouling.
CALCULATIONS
Step A - monitoring and reading the steady state
parameters like temperature and pressure
(inlet , outlet, hot and cold)
Step B with monitored data the physical
properties of stream is determined like
1. Density
2. Viscosity
3. Specific heat etc.
ACTUAL HX
PRESENTED BY GROUP 6
ME 422(ME LAB 2)
GROUP PRESENTATION