Physics 111: Review Problems

Kinematics
Dynamics
Work & Energy
Center of mass
Momentum conservation & collisions
Rotational dynamics
Statics
Simple Harmonic Motion
Waves

Physics 111: Review, Pg 1

Kinematics:

Bill stands on the roof of his house, a distance d=13m

above the ground, operating a pitching machine. At t = 0
he launches a ball with initial speed v0 at an angle above
horizontal. The ball hits the ground at the base of his friend
Teds house, a distance D = 80m away, at exactly tf = 4s.
What are v0 and ?
What is the maximum height H reached by the ball ?
How fast vf is the ball moving when it hits the ground ?
v0
Bill

d=13m

vf

Ted

D=80m
Physics 111: Review, Pg 2

Kinematics...

The distance traveled in the x direction is: D v 0 cos t f (a)

The y position of the ball is given by:
1
y y 0 v y 0 t gt 2
2
1 2

v
sin

gt f
0
f
which at t = tf becomes:
2
1
v 0 sin t f gt f2 d (b)
2

dividing (b) by (a):

gt f2 2 d
tan
2D

Physics 111: Review, Pg 3

Kinematics...

gt f2 2 d
Plug the given numbers into tan
2D
39 .3 o

Now put this back into D v 0 cos t f and solve for v0:
v0

D
cos t f

v 0 25 .8 m s

Physics 111: Review, Pg 4

Kinematics...
v y0

The time at the top of the trajectory tt

can be found by solving vy = vy0 - gtt = 0

Plug this into the y-position equation:

2
1 2 v 0 sin
h v 0 sin t t gt t
13 .6 m
2
2g

v 0 sin
tt

g
g

So: H = d + h = 26.6m
tt
v0
Bill

d=13m

h
H

Ted

Physics 111: Review, Pg 5

Kinematics...

The y-component of the velocity at t = tf can be found by

v yf v 0 sin gt f 22 .9 m s
plugging into vyf = vy0 - gtf

The x-component of velocity is constant: v x v 0 cos 20 m s

2
2
v

v
30 .4 m s
f
xf
yf
The final speed is then:

(could also find this using

energy conservation)
v0
Bill

tf
vf

Ted

Physics 111: Review, Pg 6

Dynamics:

Three blocks are connected by massless strings and

frictionless pulleys as shown. The kinetic coefficient of
friction between block C and the table is =0.5. The
masses of blocks C and A are MC=20kg and MA=6kg.
Block C accelerates to the right with a = 0.7m/s2.
What are the tensions in the strings, TA and TB?
What is MB.
a
MC
TA
MA

TB
MB
Physics 111: Review, Pg 7

Dynamics...

First find TA: Consider F = ma for mass A:

TA - M A g = M A a
TA = MA(a + g) = 63N
TA
a
MAg

Physics 111: Review, Pg 8

Dynamics...

Next find TB: Consider F = ma for mass C:

TB - TA - MCg = MCa
TB = TA + MC(a + g) = 175N

a
TA
f = MCg

MC
N

TB
M Cg

Physics 111: Review, Pg 9

Dynamics...

Finally find MB: Consider F = ma for mass B:

M B g - TB = M B a
MB(g - a) = TB
MB

TB
19 .2 kg
g a

TB
a
MBg

Physics 111: Review, Pg 10

Work & Energy:

A cart starts up a hill with initial speed v0. The body of the
cart has mass m, and each of its four wheels has mass m
(and radius r ). The wheels are uniform disks, and roll
without slipping. Give answers in terms of m, v0 and g only.
What is the initial kinetic energy K of the cart?
How high up the hill h does the CM of the cart rise?

v0

Physics 111: Review, Pg 11

Work & Energy...

The kinetic energy has both translational and rotational

contributions:
1
1
K 5 m v 02 4 I 2
2
2
1
v0
2
I

mr

For a disk
and since the wheels dont slip
2
r
2
5
1 1
2
2 v0
K mv 0 4 mr 2
2
2 2
r

7
mv 02
2

v0

Physics 111: Review, Pg 12

Work & Energy...

Since energy is conserved, K = -U:

K

7
mv 02
2

U 5 mgh

7 v 02
h
10 g

v=0
v0

Physics 111: Review, Pg 13

Center of Mass:

Three uniform spherical masses are shown. Two are

moving with the indicated velocities, and the third (at the
origin) is stationary.
What is the location and velocity of the center or mass?
What is the total momentum of the system?

y(m)

v2 = (10,20)m/s

5
4
m3=5kg
3
2 m2=3kg
v3 = (15,-5)m/s
1
x (m)
m1=2kg 1 2 3 4 5
Physics 111: Review, Pg 14

Center of Mass...

Rcm

Location of CM:

X cm

1
M tot

mi x i

Ycm

1
M tot

mi y i

1
mi ri
Mtot i

1
3 kg 2 m 5 kg 5 m 31. m
10 kg

1
3 kg 3 m 5 kg 2 m 1.9 m
10 kg
y(m)

v2 = (10,20)m/s

5
4
m3=5kg
3
2 m2=3kg
v3 = (15,-5)m/s
1
x (m)
m1=2kg 1 2 3 4 5
Physics 111: Review, Pg 15

Center of Mass...

Velocity of CM:

Vcm

1
mi v i
Mtot i

Vx ,cm

1
M tot

mi v x ,i

1
3 kg 10 m s 5 kg 15 m s 10 .5 m s
10 kg

V y ,cm

1
M tot

mi v y ,i

1
3 kg 20 m s 5 kg 5 m s 3 .5 m s
10 kg

y(m)

v2 = (10,20)m/s

5
4
m3=5kg
3
2 m2=3kg
v3 = (15,-5)m/s
1
x (m)
m1=2kg 1 2 3 4 5
Physics 111: Review, Pg 16

Center of Mass...

Momentum of CM:

Pcm Mtot Vcm

Pcm MtotVx ,cm , MtotVy ,cm 10 kg 10 .5 m s ,10 kg 3 .5 m s

Pcm 105 ,35 kg m s
y(m)

v2 = (10,20)m/s

5
4
m3=5kg
3
2 m2=3kg
v3 = (15,-5)m/s
1
x (m)
m1=2kg 1 2 3 4 5
Physics 111: Review, Pg 17

Momentum conservation & collisions:

Two particles collide elastically as shown below. The small

particle has mass m = 1kg and is initially moving in the x
direction. The final velocity of m is 5m/s in the y direction,
and the final momentum of M is 26.57o below horizontal.
Find vi and P.
What is the kinetic energy of M after the collision?
Determine the mass M.
vf
m
y
m

vi
before

= 26.57o
after

Physics 111: Review, Pg 18

Momentum conservation & collisions...

Conserve momentum in the x and y directions:

mv f 1kg 5 m s
P

11.2 kg m s
y: mv f P sin
sin
sin 26 .57
x: mv i P cos

vi

P
cos 10 m s
m

vf
m
m

vi
before

y
= 26.57o

after

Physics 111: Review, Pg 19

Momentum conservation & collisions...

Conserve energy (its elastic):

1
1
1
mv i2 mv f2 K M
K M m v i2 v f2 37 .5 J
2
2
2

and since K M

P2

2M

P2
M
1.67 kg
2K M

vf
m
m

vi
before

M
after

x
M

Physics 111: Review, Pg 20

Rotational Dynamics:

A circular cylinder of radius R = .2m, which can rotate freely on a horizontal, frictionles s axle, has a light rope wound around it. The rope passes over a sm ooth peg and is attached to a hanging mas s of mass m = 1k g. As m falls , the rope unwinds from the cylinder, whos e mom ent of inertia Iz is not initially known. The mas s accelerates downward with a = 0.4m/s2 .
What is the angular acceleration
of the cylinder about the axle?
What is the tension T in the rope?
What is the m oment of inertia Iz
of the cylinder about the axle?
What is the angular s peed of the
cylinder after m falls a
distance d = 10m ?

T
R
Iz
m
a
Physics 111: Review, Pg 21

Rotational Dynamics...

What is the angular acceleration of the cylinder about the

axle?
Since the string does not slip on the wheel, the
magnitude of the acceleration of a point on the rim of
the wheen is a = R.

a .4 m s 2

2 rad s 2
R
.2 m

R
Iz

m
a
Physics 111: Review, Pg 22

Rotational Dynamics...

What is the tension T in the rope?

Using F = ma for the hanging mass
in the down direction:
mg - T = ma

T
m
mg

T = m(g - a)
= 1kg (9.8 m/s2 - 0.4 m/s2)
= 9.4 N

Physics 111: Review, Pg 23

Rotational Dynamics...

What is the moment of inertia Iz of the cylinder about the

axle?
Using = Iz for the cylinder:
TR Iz

Iz

Iz

TR

9 .4N .2 m
2 rad s 2

T
R
Iz

0 .94 kgm 2

Physics 111: Review, Pg 24

Rotational Dynamics...

What is the angular speed of the cylinder after m falls a

distance d = 10m ?
Using energy conservation, K = -U:
1
1
Iz f2 mv f2 mgd
f
2
2
Iz

but vf = Rf
1
1
Iz f2 mR 2 f2 mgd
2
2
f

2 mgd
1414
. rad s
2
Iz mR

d
m
vf
Physics 111: Review, Pg 25

Angular Momentum :

A student wishes to close a door withour getting out of bed. She throws a shoe of mass m = 600gm which hits the door exactly in the center. The shoe has horizontal speed v0 = 8m/s just before hitting the door and it bounces back with horizontal speed v1 = 4m/s. The door has width w = 1m. Just after the collision, the door turns with angular velocity
z = 0.75 rad/sec.
What is the moment of inertia of the door about the hinge?

hinge

v0

w=1m

v1
top views
Physics 111: Review, Pg 26

Angular Momentum ...

Since there are no external torques, angular momentum about the hinge (z-axis) is conserved:

Lz ,before mv 0

w
2

Lz ,after I z mv1

m v 0 v1 w
I
2 z

w
2

4.8 kgm 2
z

v0

w=1m

v1

Physics 111: Review, Pg 27

Statics:

A stepladder rests on a smooth floor as shown. Its lefthand member has a mass 2M, and its right-hand member
has a mass M. The members are connected at the top by
a hinge, and are held together by a horizontal massless
wire near the bottom.
What are the normal forces FA and FB and the tension in
the wire T.

2M

2d

T
d/2
d
FA

FB
Physics 111: Review, Pg 28

Statics ...

First use FTOT = 0:

FA + FB = 3Mg

2Mg
FA

Mg
FB

Physics 111: Review, Pg 29

Statics ...

Now use TOT = 0 about the pivot at A.

FB d 2 Mg

d
3d
Mg
0
4
4

FB

5
Mg
4

But we just found that FA + FB = 3Mg

3d/4
d/4

So

FA

7
Mg
4

A 2Mg
d

Mg
FB

Physics 111: Review, Pg 30

Statics ...

Now use TOT = 0 for the beam on the left about the hinge
at the top:
3d
d
d
T
2 Mg FB 0
2
4
2

1
1 7
T FA Mg Mg Mg

3
3 4
1
T Mg
4

d/4
d/4
3d/2
T
2Mg
FB
Physics 111: Review, Pg 31

Simple Harmonic Motion:

A physical pendulum consists of two equal uniform disks attached rigidly together as shown. Each disk has mass M and radius R. The pendulum rotates freely about a pivot at the center of one disk. Give answers in terms of M, R and g.
Find the moment of inertia I about the pivot.
Find the period of oscillation T
for small displacements.

pivot
R M

Physics 111: Review, Pg 32

Simple Harmonic Motion...

The moment of inertia will have contributions from both disks.

1
1
MR 2 MR 2 M 2 R 2
2
2

top disk
I 5 MR 2

bottom disk

pivot
R M
2R
R

Physics 111: Review, Pg 33

Simple Harmonic Motion...

The angular frequency

of a physical pendulum is:

MgD

Where D is the distance from the pivot to the CM,

I is the moment of inertia about the pivot,
and M is the total mass
so in this case:

2 MgR
2g

5R
5 MR 2
T

pivot
R

CM

2
5R
2

2g

2Mg
Physics 111: Review, Pg 34

Waves:

A wave given by y = 1.5 cos(0.1x - 560t ), with x and y

in cm and t in seconds. The wire tension is 28 N.
Find:
the amplitude,
the wavelength,
the period,
the wave speed,
the power carried by the wave.

y
x

Physics 111: Review, Pg 35

Waves...
y

A
x

y = 1.5 cos(0.1x - 560t )

Compare this to the generic form: y A cos kx t

A = 1.5 cm = 0.015 m
k = 0.1 cm-1 = 10 m-1
= 560 rad/s

Physics 111: Review, Pg 36

Waves...

A
x

y = .015 cos(10x - 560t ) in SI units

so 0 .628 m

= 560 rad/s

v f

2
.011 sec

v = 56 m/s

Physics 111: Review, Pg 37

Waves...

A
x

Finally P

1
v 2 A2
2

y = .015 cos(10x - 560t )

So we need to figure out

F
28 N

.0089 kg m
2
2
v
56 m s

Physics 111: Review, Pg 38

Waves...

A
x

So

y = .015 cos(10x - 560t )

1
P v 2 A2
2

But we know that

A = 0.015 m
v = 56 m/s
= 560 rad/s
= 0.0089 kg/m

P 17 .6 J / s

Physics 111: Review, Pg 39

Thanks for a great semester

Good luck on the final !!

Physics 111: Review, Pg 40