Small-Signal Amplifier

2. Equivalent Circuit Method

The transistor is replaced by its ac
equivalent circuit model.
Modelling of FET is much simpler
than that of BJT, because of two
reasons :

1.
2.

BJT is current operated devices

The output affects the input.

For BJT, we have either h-parameter

model or hybrid- model.

18-11-16 08:42 AM

Electronic Amplifiers

Hybrid Parameters

18-11-16 08:42 AM

Electronic Amplifiers

18-11-16 08:42 AM

Electronic Amplifiers

18-11-16 08:42 AM

Electronic Amplifiers

18-11-16 08:42 AM

Electronic Amplifiers

Complete h-parameter circuit

model of a BJT.
18-11-16 08:42 AM

Electronic Amplifiers

Simplified h-parameter
model of a BJT.

18-11-16 08:42 AM

Electronic Amplifiers

Hybrid- Circuit Model

ri rb r ; rb ( 100 ) is base spreading resistance.

r is incremental resistance of the junction.
18-11-16 08:42 AM

Electronic Amplifiers

Vce = 0 means output shorted. Whole

current flows through the short.
18-11-16 08:42 AM

Electronic Amplifiers

10

From the input of the circuit :

18-11-16 08:42 AM

Electronic Amplifiers

11

Equivalent circuit method of

AC Analysis

18-11-16 08:42 AM

Electronic Amplifiers

12

18-11-16 08:42 AM

Electronic Amplifiers

13

18-11-16 08:42 AM

Electronic Amplifiers

14

Input Resistance

18-11-16 08:42 AM

Electronic Amplifiers

15

Output resistance

18-11-16 08:42 AM

Electronic Amplifiers

16

How Small is Small

Peak-to-peak current should be

less than 10 % of dc current.

18-11-16 08:42 AM

Electronic Amplifiers

17

Example : Analyze the CE

amplifier circuit using hparameter model of BJT.

18-11-16 08:42 AM

Electronic Amplifiers

18

18-11-16 08:42 AM

Electronic Amplifiers

19

18-11-16 08:42 AM

Electronic Amplifiers

20

18-11-16 08:42 AM

Electronic Amplifiers

21

18-11-16 08:42 AM

Electronic Amplifiers

22

Note : Since 1/hoe can be

ignored, the h parameter
model is further simplified.

18-11-16 08:42 AM

Electronic Amplifiers

23

18-11-16 08:42 AM

Electronic Amplifiers

24

18-11-16 08:42 AM

Electronic Amplifiers

25

Solution

18-11-16 08:42 AM

Electronic Amplifiers

26

18-11-16 08:42 AM

Electronic Amplifiers

27

18-11-16 08:42 AM

Electronic Amplifiers

28

FET Amplifier

18-11-16 08:42 AM

Electronic Amplifiers

29

AC Analysis

18-11-16 08:42 AM

Electronic Amplifiers

30

18-11-16 08:42 AM

Electronic Amplifiers

31

FET Parameters
Typical Values
500 k
0.5 mS to 4 mS
80 to 200

18-11-16 08:42 AM

Electronic Amplifiers

32

Determining gm

18-11-16 08:42 AM

Electronic Amplifiers

33

Example 7.8 Calculate gm for a JFET

with IDSS = 8 mA and Vp = 4 V, for dc
bias point of (a) -0.5 V, and (b) -1.5 V

18-11-16 08:42 AM

Electronic Amplifiers

34

AC Circuit Model of an FET

18-11-16 08:42 AM

Electronic Amplifiers

35

AC Equivalent of FET
Amplifier

18-11-16 08:42 AM

Electronic Amplifiers

36

Negative sign means that the output

is 180 out of phase.

18-11-16 08:42 AM

Electronic Amplifiers

37

Maximum Voltage Gain :

As Rac

18-11-16 08:42 AM

Electronic Amplifiers

38

18-11-16 08:42 AM

Electronic Amplifiers

39

This is much smaller than RS , hence it is

completely bypassed.

18-11-16 08:42 AM

Electronic Amplifiers

40

18-11-16 08:42 AM

Electronic Amplifiers

41

Review
Equivalent

Circuit Method.
Hybrid Parameters.
Hybrid-
How
FET

Circuit Model.

Small is Small.

Parameters.

Determining
AC

gm.

Equivalent of FET Amplifier.

Maximum
18-11-16 08:42 AM

Voltage Gain
Electronic Amplifiers

42