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Visualization to Simulate
Forest Management Impacts
David J. Buckley
Pacific Meridian
Resources
Joseph K. Berry
Craig Ulbright
Software Developer
Landscape Structure
Analysis/Visualization
Web Site:
www.innovativegis.com
To find out more
about Landscape
Structure
Analysis and
Visualization,
visit our Web
Site.
You will find a
wide array of
information
(Berry)
Multimedia GIS
GIS
(Berry)
Image Draping -- is
an established technique in
GIS. Draping a topographic
or thematic map onto a 3-D
terrain surface is effective but
relies on abstract colors,
shading and symbols. Draping
a satellite image, such as a
digital orthophoto, results in
good surface texture and can
produce visualizations suitable
for depicting landscape-scale
vegetation patterns. However,
the 3-D nature of landscape
objects are not depicted and
severe pixelization occurs in
the foreground.
(Berry)
(Imaging Systems Lab, Brian Orland, Director, University of Illinois, Dept. of Landscape
Left image is an actual photo of western spruce budworm damage in the Deschutes NF, Oregon. Right image depicts what the
same place might look like 5 years after the dead/damaged trees are removed. The diseased trees are manually erased from the
scene and background trees and shrubs are inserted pasted in their place.
(Berry)
Geometric Modeling --
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Landscape Visualization
(Rendering Technique)
Step 2) Polygon
Containers
Step 5) Final
Composition
Step 3) Surface
Texture
Step 6)
Atmospheric
Effects
(Berry)
Rendered Scene
GIS dB
Tree Symbol
%Maturity
#Trees
(Berry)
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Before Fire
After Fire
Summer
Winter
After Snowfall
(Berry)
Species
Stocking
Height/age
Ground Cover
(Berry)
Study 1)
This is a general image of the watershed surrounding the primary lake showing
harvest blocks. Texture Mapping is used to provide a realistic sky and lake
surface as well as underlying colors for the blocks. Note the different species in
the foreground stands (bottom left). This represents a multi-species stand.
Target
Observer
(Berry)
Study 1)
This view provides a ridge viewpoint overlooking the lake and adjoining harvest
blocks. Note that there is little distinction in density of trees for the nonproductive stands that cap the ridge areas compared to stands classified as
productive on the hillsides. A rock slide also appears in this view in the lower
right.
Target
Observer
(Berry)
Study 1)
Trees have been reduced by 50% and re-planted for the non-productive stands
that cap the ridges. Different textures have also been applied to the nonproductive stands and the harvest blocks to aid in their distinction. Note the
different underlying colors for the blocks in the valley at the end of the lake
and the non-productive, less dense stands on the higher elevations.
Target
Observer
(Berry)
This image presents a 'boat' viewpoint from the middle of the lake. The
viewpoint is directly above the primary lake looking down the valley towards the
harvest blocks.
Observer
Target
(Berry)
This image illustrates how fog and haze can be used to add more realism to a
forested visualization. Note the enhancement of the ridge in the foreground on
the right side of the image.
Observer
Target
(Berry)
Virtual Fly-By
Animation provides an added dimension to 3-D visualization
movement in space and time
rapidly sequencing a
series of 3-D renderings
creates a sense of
movement
Fly-By
(Berry)
Rendering Fidelity
Data Richness
determines the fidelity
of a landscape rendering.
Ground cover and tree
objects are assigned to
polygons based on inferred
forest conditions (limited
data richness)
through detailed forest
inventories (robust data
richness)
(Berry)
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Band 4
Band 3
(Berry)
Study 2)
Most Similar Neighbor analysis using canonical correlation was applied to find
the best correspondence between the intensively inventoried subset of the
landscape, about 20-25% of stands, and a less intensively sampled classified
remotely sensed image
(ESSA Technologies, Vancouver, BC)
the classified
map was
combined with the
DEM and an older
Aerial photo
interpreted derived
inventory, to
generate an
updated inventory
(1999) for each
forest stand.
(Berry)
Study 2)
Study area landscape with draped texture map, hydrography is in blue, roads in
brown and primary forest stands in gold (3,699 polygons). Key viewpoint
locations and orientation are identified.
(Berry)
Viewpoint 2
Initial
Conditions
1999
Unmanaged
2049
Viewpoint 3
Initial
Conditions
1999
Unmanaged
2049
Viewpoint 3 , Initial
Conditions 1999
(Berry)
Viewpoint 3 , Unmanaged
2049
(Berry)
Viewpoint 3 , Patch-Cutting
2049
(Berry)
Viewpoint 3 Balanced
Regime 2049
(Berry)
Example Project
Landscape
Visualization
Summary
GIS technology provides a new environment for more effectively
communicating landscape characteristics and conditions-moves maps beyond abstraction to realism.
what is.
(Berry)
Multimedia GIS
can be used to document
actual conditions.
Video Mapping georegisters
Streaming Video
Still Images
Audio
Text
Data
of existing landscape
characteristics
High Rendering Fidelity
(Berry)
Image
ry
organi
zed by
When
and
Where
(Berry)
puzzle pieces.
(Berry)
Surface Modeling
Spatial Analysis