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Melting point
Boiling point
Enthalpy of fusion
20,5 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization
339 kJ/mol
Enthalpy of atomization
397 kJ/mol
Heat capacity
Thermal conductivity
94 W/mol.K
4,9 x 10 6 K1
Molar volume
7,23 cm
12,7 10 8 m
24
Massa Atom
51,9961 g/mol
VI B, 4, d
Konfigurasi elektron
2, 8,13, 1
Afinitas electron
64,3 kJ / mol1
249 pm
Abundance
Within the crust of about 0.0122% or 122 ppm, lower
than the vanadium (136 ppm) and chlorine (126 ppm)
Chromite ore (Chromite), FeCr2O4
Krokoit (crocoite), PbCrO4, and
Ocher chroma (chrome), Cr2O3
Extraction of chromium
There are 2 types of extraction :
1. Ferochrome (Cr-Fe)
FeCr2O4 + C
2Cr + Fe + 4CO(g)
ferrochrome
2 Na2CrO4(aq) + H2O
Na2Cr2O7(s) + 2 NaOH
Na2Cr2O7 + 2 C
Cr2O3 + 2 Al
2 Cr(l) + Al2O3(s)
2 Cr2O3 + 3 Si
4 Cr(l) + 3 SiO2(s)
Oxide compounds
Chromium oxide
Cr2O3 green
CrO3
scarlet/dark red
CrO2
blackish brown
+ H2O(g)
Chromium trioxide
Are highly acidic.
When reacting with a base to produce chromate CrO4 Decreasing of pH from the addition of acid to a
chromate solution lead condensation of tetrahedron unit
CrO4 produce dichromate ions and further condensation
produces precipitated CrO3.
Reaction equilibrium chromate (yellow) - dichromate
(red-orange)
Cr2O7 (aq) +
Chromium salts
Chromium (II)
Chromo such as halides and sulfates in aqueous solution as
[Cr(H2O)6]+ blue and easily oxidized into Cr+
Cr + e
Cr(aq)
-0,41 V
The synthetic process of Cr (II) in solution or storage must be protected from air and carried
Cr compound (II) obtained from the reaction of Cr with a non-oxidizing acid such as HCl /
Cr
(s)
+ 2HCl(aq)
Cr(aq) + H2(g)
Chroimium (III)
Chromium ions in solution is expressed as [Cr(H2O)6]
colored violet
Complex compounds which have three kinds of isomers
hydrate with distinctive colors as follows
1. Anhydrous violet [ Cr(H2O)6][Cl3]
2. Pale green monohydrate [Cr(H2O)5Cl].H2O
3. Dark green dihydrate [Cr(H2O)4Cl]. 2H2O
. Each has a coordination number 6
Chromium (IV)
Derived from CrO3
Found in two kind compounds: yellow chromate CrO 4 (tetrahedron) and redorange dichromate Cr2O7
CrO3 under alkaline conditions (pH = 6) can form yellow chromate anions.
CrO3(s) + 2OH(aq)
CrO4(aq) + H2O(l)
If under acidic (pH = 2-6) are in balance in the form of dichromate.
2 CrO4(aq)
CrO4 (aq)
Ag2CrO4(s)