Pathophysiology

Leptospirosis

Modifiable risk factors

Breast feeding mothers (Can be
transmitted through breast milk)
Environment (Drinking water
contaminated with animal
urine/feces/semen)
Occupation
Sanitation
Water sports
Medication (hepatotoxic)

Non-modifiable risk factors

Age
Climate (Tropical)
Rainfall (higher incidence
during rainy season)

Direct or indirect contact with infected animal

urine/feces

Nursing Care Plans

Physical Assessment
findings
Lab result findings

Infiltration of Leptospira into

body
Septicemi
a
WBC

Temperature
Warm to touch
Shaking chills
Headache

Lung
s

Eye
s

Capillary vasculitis

Subconjunctival
hemorrhage

capillary permeability

Migration into organs

N/V
Diarrhe
a

adhesion to cell surfaces and cellular

toxicity

Potassiu
m
Chloride
Sodium

Kidneys

Liver

Proliferation
inside renal
tubules
Acute Tubular Necrosis

Neutrophils imbed
into tissue,
releasing basophils

Frequent
ingestion of
hepatotoxic
drugs
(Paracetamol)

Hepatic ischemia

Hepatosplenomegaly

Centrilobular necrosis

Abdominal pain

Hepatotoxicity

Acute Renal Failure

Liver cell death/tissue injury

Surfactant

Difficulty of breathing
Dry cough
Swollen lymph glands

Blood Urea
Nitrogen
Serum Creatinine
WBC
Presence of
urobilinogen

Oliguria

Impaired bilirubin metabolism

SGOT (AST)
SGPT (ALT)

Bilirubinemia

Jaundice
Dark yellow
urine

Bilirubin +++

Headac
he
N/V