Urolethiasis/Nephroli

thiasis

Non-modifiable
factors
Age
Heredity

Modifiable factors
Diet
Environment
Medications

Super-saturation of the urine

Stone forming constituents (calcium,
oxalate, uric acid, phosphate)
Nucleation of
constituents to form a
nidus
Deposition of nidus into
renal papila
Aggregati
on
Retentio
n
Dislodgement and obstruction at
uteropelvic junction/iliac
artery/ureterovesical junction
Irritation of the lining of the
kidney or ureter

Microscopic
hematuria

Infectio
n
Feve
r

UT
I

Excretion (78% no surgical

intervention)

Increased
WBC

Accumulation of
urine
Rebound
tenderness
Renal
colic
Pain upon
movement
Reluctant
activity