BRUSHLESS D.C.

MOTORS
Prepared By:

Manuj Garg (2k13/EE/070)

Mohit Goswami (2k13/EE/073)

CONTENT
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Introduction
Brushless D.C. Motor
Working Principle
Hall Effect
Working Procedure
Essential Elements of Brushless D.C. Motor
Commutation
Advantages
Disadvantages
Applications

INTRODUCTION
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Classical DC motors are no doubt good and

simple but inefficient in some ways.
Although dc motors possess good control
characteristics and ruggedness, their
performance and applications are inhibited due
to sparking and commutation problems.
The Permanent Magnet Brushless DC
(PMBLDC) motor is able to overcome the
limitations mentioned above and satisfy the
requirements of a variable speed drive.

BRUSHLESS D.C. MOTOR

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Has no brushes and commutators.

Rotation of the rotor depends on the accurate
position with stator.
Detected by Hall Sensor, mounted on rotor,
shifted at 60 or 120 phase shift.
Brushless DC Motors are a type of synchronous
motor
Magnetic fields generated by the stator and rotor
rotate at the same frequency
o No slip
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Available in single-phase, 2-phase, and 3-phase

configurations

WORKING PRINCIPLE
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As there is no commutator ,the current direction

of the conductor on the stator is controlled
electronically.
Rotor consists the permanent magnet where as
stator consist a no. of windings. Current through
these winding produces magnetic field and force.
Hall sensor used to determine the position during
commutation.

HALL EFFECT
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If a current-carrying conductor is kept in a

magnetic field, the magnetic field exerts a force
on the moving charge carriers, tending to push
them to one side of the conductor, producing a
measurable voltage difference between the two
sides of the conductor.

HALL EFFECT SENSORS

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Need 3 sensors to determine the position of the

rotor
When a rotor pole passes a Hall-Effect sensor, get
a high or low signal, indicating that a North or
South pole

WORKING PROCEDURE
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Hall Sensors sense the position of the coils.

The Decoder Circuit turns appropriate switches
on and off.
The voltage through the specific coils turns the
motor.

ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF
BRUSHLESS D.C. MOTOR

COMMUTATION
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Brushless DC motor requires external

commutation circuit to rotate the rotor.
Rotor position is very important.
HALL SENSOR senses the position of the coil
accurately.

COMMUTATION SEQUENCE
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Each sequence has

one winding energized positive (current into
the winding)
one winding energized negative (current out
of the winding)
one winding non-energized

SIX STEP COMMUTATION (4 POLE)

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Hall-Effect Sensors
spaced 60 electrical
degrees apart
6 steps to complete
one electrical cycle
Phase current
switching updated
every 60 electrical
degrees

TORQUE SPEED CHARACTERISTICS

ADVANTAGES
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In BLDC motor PM are on the rotor &

electromagnets are on the stator controlled by
software. Thus the advantages are:

Because of computer control it is more

precise & more efficient.

There is no sparking & less electrical noise.

Voltage and current rating is high.

High speed can be achieved.

As there is no brushes it requires no

servicing.

It has longer life.

Low Radio Frequency Interference and

electromagnetic Interference.

DISADVANTAGES
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Requires Complex Drive Circuitry.

Requires additional Sensors.
Expensive.
Some designs require manual labor.
(Hand wound Stator Coils)

APPLICATIONS
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PMBLDC motors are increasingly being used in a

wide spectrum of applications:
domestic equipments
automobiles
information technology equipment
industries
public life appliances
transportation
aerospace, defence equipments, power tools,
toys, vision and sound equipments
medical and health care equipment ranging
from microwatts to megawatts