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FOURTH EDITION
N. G R E G O R Y M A N K I W
PowerPoint Slides
by Ron Cronovich
2007 Thomson South-Western, all rights reserved
CHAPTER 11
Introduction
We consume many goods without paying:
parks, national defense, clean air & water.
CHAPTER 11
CHAPTER 11
ACTIVE LEARNING
Categorizing roads
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ACTIVE LEARNING
Answers
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natural monopoly
common resource
private good
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CHAPTER 11
Public Goods
Public goods are difficult for private markets to
provide because of the free-rider problem.
Public Goods
If the benefit of a public good exceeds the cost of
providing it, govt should provide the good and pay
for it with a tax on people who benefit.
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CHAPTER 11
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Common Resources
Like public goods, common resources are not
excludable.
cannot prevent free riders from using
little incentive for firms to provide
role for govt: seeing that they are provided
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2:
Policy options for common resources
ACTIVE LEARNING
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ACTIVE LEARNING
Answers
2:
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externality
example: hunting & fishing licenses,
entrance fees for congested national parks
example:
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CASE STUDY:
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CONCLUSION
Public goods tend to be under-provided, while
common resources tend to be over-consumed.
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CHAPTER SUMMARY
A good is excludable if someone can be prevented
from using it. A good is rival in consumption if one
persons use reduces others ability to use the
same unit of the good.
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CHAPTER SUMMARY
Public goods, such as national defense and
fundamental knowledge, are neither excludable
nor rival in consumption.
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CHAPTER SUMMARY
Common resources are rival in consumption but
not excludable. Examples include common
grazing land, clean air, and congested roads.
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