Ethernet

Submitted by :
Abhay Sharma
30315604414
MCA 2nd year

Ethernet

The diagram .. was drawn by Dr. Robert M. Metcalfe in 1976 to present Ethernet to the National Computer
Conference in June of that year.

What is Ethernet ?

Ethernet is a certain type of a local area network (LAN)

which was developed in 1972 in the renowned PARCresearch facility of Xerox in Palo Alto by Robert Metcalfe.
In the meantime the companies Intel, DEC and Xerox
have specified a common standard that has been
established in the IEEE-standard 802.3.

Ethernet TCP/IP
LAYER 7
Modbus etc.

TCPHeader

TCP-DATA

TCP-frame
IPHeader

IP-DATA

IP-frame
EthernetHeader

Ethernet-DATA
Ethernetframe

FCS

Access method: CSMA/CD

New attempt
Station is ready to
send

check
Ether

Waiting according
to back-off algorithm

Medium
occupied

medium
available
Sending of data and
checking the Ether
No collision

Discovered
collision

send
jam signal

Ethernet address

Also called "MAC address"

Globally unique ID for each device
Burnt into ROM, cannot be modified
Six Bytes in which manufacturer, device model and serial
number are coded
Readable with many auxiliary tools e.g. WINIPCFG

Ethernet frame
Ethernet II DIX Frame:
Preamble

DA

SA

Type

Data

>=46

Pad

FCS

IEEE 802.3 Frame:

Preamble

SFD

DA

SA

LEN

Data

>=46

Pad

FCS

Ethernet frame

Preamble

Trailer consisting of the bit sequence 0101010101... serving the bit

synchronization of the receiver.

SFD (Start Frame Delimiter)

Start character consisting of the bit pattern 10101011 showing the

recipient that the actual information will follow now.

DA (Destination Address)

Evaluated by the recipients address filter; only data frames destined for
this recipient will be passed on to the communication software.

SA (Source Address)
Senders address

LEN (Length)

Indicates the length of the subsequent data field in Bytes according to

IEEE 802.3.

Ethernet frame

Data and Pad

The data field may contain 46 to 1500 user data bytes. Are there less than
46 bytes the Ethernet controller independently adds padding bytes, until the
total amount (data + pad) is 46. This miminum length is crucial for the
CSMA/CD procedure to work faultlessly. The data field can be used at will, it
only has to contain complete bytes.

FCS (Frame Check Sequence)

A check character. It is obtained by taking the rest of the division operation

from the formula representing the wide-spread cyclic- redundancy-check
procedure. This formula is applied to the bit sequence including the address
field through to the padding field. In case of en error the whole frame is
ignored, i.e. not passed on to the application program.

Ethernet Address

WIN-NT: ipconfig /all

Typical office wiring

Patch field

Network socket

Patch cable

Hub/Switch

Patch field

normal Cat 5 cable

RJ 45
Hub/Switch

www
http://www.gigabit-ethernet.org
http://wwwhost.ots.utexas.edu/ethernet/

http://www.3com.com/technology/tech_net/white_papers/index.html#ethernet

http://www.iaopennetworking.com/