PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD

NG MAYNILA

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

EXTRACTION OF XYLOGLUCAN FROM TAMARIND (TAMARINDUS, INDICA L.) SEEDS

FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GUM POWDER
GROUP 5
SANTOS, AMABELLE C.
SARMIENTO MARCO M.

SANTOS, PRINCESS GABRIELLE C.

SERRANO, JERICA MAE O.

7733.2
10 Kg
(2013)

Seeds

Xyloglucan Also known 40%

as

75%

tamarind gum

Accdg to
Bureau of
Agricultural
Satistics

Tamarindus
indica

Xyloglucan

main tamarind seed polysa

same main chain structure as
cellulose
these
chains play an

important role in
determining
the structure
make
xyloglucan
water-solu

Has ability to form gel led it to be used widel

the form of
gum powder

Other use of
Xyloglucan:

Paper Sizing

Leather Treating

Thickening Agent
Stabilizing Agent
Gelling Agent

Statement of the
Problem

Highly
Processed
Seeds 40%
Fruit
not all are
replanted
not
used for other
purposes as
Considered
agricultural
waste
Seed Husk

The tannin
leaching from the
accumulated seed

local soil

39%
Polymetric
pH 3.97 to
Tanin
4.47
acidic soil

Statement of the
Problem
The
proponents of this study presents a
potential solution to this issue by using the
high percentage of xyloglucan from the
accumulated tamarind seed waste from
food processing companies and converting
it to a value- added product, that is,
tamarind gum powder.

Objectives:

GENERAL : To produce gum powder from tamarind

seeds with the following properties:

Source: Altrafine Gums

(www.altrafine.com) and
Megazyme

Specific Objectives:
To determine the operating
conditions that would give
the highest possible
conversion of tamarind seeds
to gum powder such as
temperature, amount and
concentration of chemicals to
be added and tie of

Specific Objectives:

To condition the
tamarind seeds before
undergoing extraction
process.
To ensure the qualities
of the product by

Significance of the
Study:

To the Students and Researchers

Will give new methods or alternative ways

To
the
Chemical
Engineering
Profession
regarding utilization of waste
facilitate the students to widen their
To the Industry
awareness and initiative
in seeking more
of process innovation techniques
will improve the To
production
the Nation of existing
products
facilitate the students to widen their

To the Industry

this study will provide a new

source of gum powder for
various industry applications
from our own technology
instead of importing from other
countries
consumers of the product in

 inspires innovation related with the

process of extraction for gum
powder production
provides an alternative production
process for a useful product which is
being demanded and consumed in
the present
the process technology for this
study will endow with a cheap but

To the Nation

The study would help in seed waste

disposal specifically tamarind seeds
The local production of gum powder
from these tamarind seeds will
lessen the dependency on imports
and improve the economic global
trend
Upon construction of the plant,
additional job opportunities and

SCOPE AND
LIMITATION
Study focuses on the production of gum
powder using tamarind seeds as raw
material
Limited to the laboratory scale
experiment
Trials was conducted in accordance with
information provided by gathered
literature and studies

SCOPE AND
LIMITATION

By conducting laboratory experiment, the

researchers were able to provide technical design
of the equipment, piping system, instrumentation
and process control system and different
technical layouts
The study also covers the wastewater treatment
included in the process
The tests for properties of tamarind seed and gum
powder produced is carried out by Adamson
University -Chemical Laboratory using Fourier
Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Also, pH

EXPERIMENTAL
METHOD

Drying of Tamarind Seeds

Seed Coat Removal, Grinding and Screening
of Tamarind Seed Kernel
Xyloglucan Extraction
Precipitation and Washing of Xyloglucan
Drying and Grinding Gum Powder

EXPERIMENTAL
METHOD

TAMARIND
SEEDS
Trial 1

Trial 2

Trial 3

Trial 4

OVEN

CONCLUSIO
N
The seeds should be burned at
exactly 150 degree Celsius or else it
will
Drying
should only be for 15
burntime
if it exceeds.
minutes

GRINDING AND
SCREENING
Mesh
Weigh of

Weight of
Size
Oversize (g)
Undersize (C)
Weight of seedst
Weight of recovered
1 Grinding
coats removed (g) ` tamarind seeds
SIEVE
30
30.09
kernels20.05
(g)
Tamarind
22.44 2nd Grinding 50.14
Seed Coat

30

Tamarind
Total
Seed

Tamarind Seed
Kernel

3.28
3.28

TKP Powder
Oversize

TKPCoat
Powder
Seed
Undersize

26.81
46.86

GRINDING AND
SCREENING
It can be concluded that the
grinding process removes
tamarind seed coat in order to
recover the kernel. In the process
of grinding the kernel to 30
meshsize powder, two-stage
grinding is needed to achieve 59%

EXTRACTIO
Weigh
TKP
Weigh of
TKP
to
N Trial
Tamarind
Water

Wt
of Wt
of Wt
of
Wt of
Wt of
Wt of
Time Wt
of cake
Filtrate
ethanol xyloglucan
Tri
of
to
Tim
Wt
of Filtrat
ethan
xylogl
Kernel
Ratio
(min)
(g)
after
used for
Fibrous
Xyloglucanal
Tamari
Wate
e
cake
e
after
ol
ucan
Solution of
Fibrous jellose
Tamarind
Powder (g)
(w/v)xyloglucanextraction precipitati
Jellose (g)
water sloution
in waterKernel Powder
water and
nd
rinsoluble
(mi
(g)
extrac
used
Fibrou
(g)
on (g) ethanol
solids
mixture
Filtration
Extraction withRatio
Precipitation
Kernel
n)
tion
for
s
Heating
Powde
(w/v)
(g)
precip
Jellose
1
460
1:10
30
60.72
383.33
383.33
44.42
r (g)
itation
(g)
(g)
2
460
1:15
30
59.63
566.46
566.46
44.63
Washed fibrous
Ethanol added
1
46
1:10 jellose30
64.49 262.16
262.16 41.53
in
to fibrous
ethanol
jellose
3
460
1:20
30
61.48
754.96
754.96
44.76
2
46
1:10
45
66.80
323.94
323.94
44.51
Filtration
Washing
3
46
1:10 60 67.31 321.90 321.90 44.57
4
46
1:10 75 67.95 322.15 322.15 44.38

EXTRACTIO
N

There is no significant changes in

the weight of xyloglucan in
fibrous jellose

EXTRACTIO
N
It can be concluded that 45
minutes is the suitable time for
xyloglucan
extraction
from
tamarind seed kernel powder.

DRYIN
G Wt of

Ratio of
Washed
xylogucan
Xyloglucan
Xyloglu
(fibrous jellose)
(Fibrous
can to
Jellose) (g) Ethanol
(w/w)
44.51

1:1

Drying

Wt of

Dried Xyloglucan Drying

Ethanol
WeightGumof
Powder
(fibrous jellose)
Used (g)
Time Gum Powder
(min)

44.51

15 Grinding

31.16

DRYIN
G

Drying the xyloglucan in

30 minutes at 70C are the
parameters to be used for
obtaining the product and
is most suitable for

CRITIQUE CONCLUSION
The Experimental Study was therefore studied by
the researchers to evaluate better refinement of
the study. The critique are as follows:
First to imply regards with the specific objective
written in the study which aims to condition the
tamarind seeds before undergoing extraction
process. The objective To condition is not a
quantifiable parameter thus, cannot be used as
an objective.

CRITIQUE CONCLUSION
The temperature intervals were far apart having
25 temperature differences spanning from 100C
to 175C.
The table of the drying process regarding the
description of appearances was subjective in nature
because the presence of water was not measured;
however in the 3rd trial there was a test to determine
whether the term All Dried was in fact the absence of
water yet not quantified.

CRITIQUE CONCLUSION
Also, the researchers can also use a two-point
graph where the optimum time can be seen as it
intersects the line with the most moisture
content removed but is not burned.
Additionally, the researchers should have tested
temperatures between 150 to 175 deg Celsius to
check at what temperature the seed will start to
burn.

CRITIQUE CONCLUSION
If we were the researchers of this study, we will
be adding another column in the data table and
specify immediately the discoloration that
occurred at the time intervals experimented with.
Pictures of the discoloration of seeds that were
heated at 20 to 30 minutes should also be
included to testify the data table.

CRITIQUE CONCLUSION

The screening process produced a

100% yield with a total of 3.28
oversize plus 46.86 which was equal
to 50.14. The original weight that
was grinded and screened was
50.14; the recovery of 100% of the
original is unattainable in the
process of grinding.

CRITIQUE CONCLUSION

The researchers stated that the

extraction should be carried out with a
ratio of 1g of defatted tamarind seed
powder to 10 mL of water. In their
confirmation of these values they have
observed that in their experiment there is
a complete yield of filtrate in 383.33 that
is also the exact value for the weight of
ethanol used for precipitation.

CRITIQUE CONCLUSION

The past researchers have

violated the consistency of
stating whether there is or there
is no change in the weight yield,
also, no computations were
presented regarding the proof of
significance in their correlation.

CRITIQUE CONCLUSION

Lastly, in the drying of the

washed xyloglucan from ethanol,
there is no variability being set in
time intervals and even the
temperature, leaving the optimal
possibility questionable for the
weight yield of the gum powder.

CRITIQUE
RECOMMENDATION
Use a blender that can more effectively grind the
kernels, also the blender must have a known
rotation per minute so that it can be used as a
parameter.
The temperature of drying should be
experimented near the value of 150 C to search
for a much better and efficient final result. To defat the kernels before extraction to increase the
purity of final polysaccharide product.