CHAPTER 11

TRIM OUT PHASE

CUTTING CABLE TO LENGTH

Rough-in phase of cable installation, excess cable
is left at both ends of the cable run.
Service Loops are the coils of cable, which are used
to take up slack and facilitate later changes.
The cables are labeled on the ends according to
an accepted numbering scheme for the project.
It is not uncommon to have a meter (3 ft) of cable
ends hanging out of a wall jack at the finish of the
rough-in stage. In the Telecommunications Room
(TR)
It is best to cut the cable back to about 25 cm

 A new label should be applied to the cable about

15 cm from the end.
The jacket is then stripped back about 5-7 cm to
expose individual twisted pair.
The completed jack termination should have not
more than 1.5 cm of unjacketed conductor
exposed and not more than 1.5 cm of un-twist in
the cable pairs.
Excess conductor length should be cut off at the
final termination.

 The jack is terminated with approximately 15-20

cm of cable still protruding from the wall.
The excess cable is carefully coiled into the wall
or wallbox when the jack is installed.
At workstation terminations, it is common for the
wires in the jack to lose contact with the pins
because the patch cord to the work area is often
pulled, kicked, or stretched

 In the TR, cables are routed to their termination

points.
The bundles of cables is secured to racks in an
orderly manner
Cables that have missing labels must be toned
and identified.
The amplifier with receive the tone, is taken to
the other end of the cabling bundle
The amplifier that connected to correct jack will
sound the tone.
When that one is identified, the other end of the
cable (the one attached to the toner) can be
labeled with the correct information

SPLICING COPPER CABLE

Connecting the 2 cables together.
The cable run may be too long for a single
piece of cable, so a splice is needed to join
two cables.
It is necessary for wires of a large cable to
branch off in two different directions

 Type of Splicing
Straight splice(Fold Back Method)
One cable will come to the splice point from one direction
The other cable will come to the splice point from the opposite
direction.

Butt Splice
All cables come to the splice location from the same direction.
Splice connector groups are staggered at regular intervals to
keep the diameter of the splice housing smaller

 The cable pairs of backbone cables have a

gentler twist than in network distribution
cables.
Rough handling can lead to split pairs.
Neatness and order are essential in cable
splicing.
Splice cases are installed to provide
mechanical protection to the splice, and to
prevent dirt, and moisture.

 When splicing communications cables with

metallic shields, it is essential that the shields be
bonded to one another.
Provides electrical continuity and reduces noise
on voice and data circuits.
The bottom half of the clip is inserted between
the cable shield and the group of conductors.
The top half of the clip is placed over the bottom
half, sandwiching the cable jacket and shield.
A nut is drawn down and tightened to secure the
assembly
A 12-gauge or 14-gauge wire is used to connect
the bullet bonds on the cable shields.

Terminate or punch down

Cables punched down on termination
panels that are mounted on wall fields
and at the rear of cross-connect panels
The wire is forced between two insulation
displacement connections and excess
wire is cut off in the same operation.
Common terminations are 110-blocks,
66M blocks, patch panels, BIX blocks, and
Krone blocks.

Cable dressing
necessary for a neat and professional
looking installation
helps keep them manageable for
maintenance or future installations
Nylon cable ties or hook and loop
fasteners are used to secure the cables
and to bundle them

 Precautions
there should be no tangles between the
individual cables
Cables should be the same lengths in
the routing bundle.
Bundles of dressed cables should be
loose enough to allow the installer to
use a toning probe for identifying cables
Cables should not be pulled around
sharp bends because the minimum bend
radius of the cable could be exceeded

Labeling systems
At the workstation end, a label is
applied approximately 10 cm (4 in.)
from the jack
Labeling systems help make
installations more efficient and give a
professional look to the completed
installation

Wire management
The purpose of wire management is to
organize and protect cables
Cable management systems can be open
or closed.
Open - accessible so it is easy to route, test,
add, or remove cables.
Close - provide better protection for the cables
from dust, water, rodents, and insects

 D-rings
o used to route the bundle of cables to
points of termination

their

Mushrooms
o plastic knobs used for the management of
cross-connect wires.
o A number of mushrooms may be used to
support extended horizontal runs and to make
90-degree turns.

 When purchasing cable management

systems, consider the following:
The system should protect the cable from
pinching, and it should maintain the minimum
bend radius.
The system is scalable so when more cables are
needed, it can handle them.
The system is flexible so cables can come into it
from all directions.
The system offers a smooth transition to
horizontal pathways so cable is not damaged or
exceeds minimum bend radius.
The system is durable so that it will last as long as
the cables and equipment that are mounted on it.

Cable Management
Raceways
containment systems that house or support
cables.
to house cable drops from ceilings to the
desktop because the walls are not able to be
fished

Cable Tray
provide a pathway and support for
network distribution cables and
backbone cables in cable runs or the TR.
only used horizontally.

 Wire Baskets
same function as cable trays but are
generally lighter and can be more
versatile
the capability to have cables enter and
leave the system at any point.

Ladder System
can be installed above a dropped
ceiling, or they can be installed in a TR.
vertically or horizontally
Cables placed in ladder systems are
usually secured to the ladder using
cable ties

 J-hooks/bridle rings
support cables when raceways, ladders,
cable trays, or wire racks are not
available
cables can be easily added or removed
from J-hook supports.

Nylon cable ties

secure cables into bundles for neat and
orderly routing
should not be over-tightened as it can
change the architecture of the cables.

TERMINATING COPPER
MEDIA
Pairs of wires for voice or data are referred
to as tip and ring
Four pair colour-coded
Pair 1 - White/Blue
Pair 2 - White/Orange
Pair 3 - White/Green
Pair 4 - White/Brown

RJ-11 connector, which can be either a jack

or plug, is used for terminating Category 3
cable

 Types of termination used in TR

D-type connector (Amphenol plugs)
interconnect communications equipment to
terminal blocks
connect one entire terminal block to
another.

66-block
insulation displacement terminal blocks that
are not rated for high performance data
installations and are commonly used in
voice applications
four columns of 50 pins so they can
accommodate either 25 pair termination or
50 pair terminations

 110-block
high-density termination blocks suitable for
either voice or data applications
has 4 rows of 25 pair terminations
designed to be stacked in different
combinations to accommodate different size
requirements

BIX blocksand Krone block

requires its own type of punch down tool.

Patch Panels
used to interconnect data
networking or voice systems to the
physical cable network
Interconnect backbone cable
systems to network distribution cable
systems
All jacks and patch panels should be
wired using the same wiring plan.

Patch Cables
Straight-through, has the same
wiring scheme on both ends of the
cable.
These types of cables are used to
connect PCs to a network hub.
When connecting a communications
device to a network hub, a crossover
cable is usually used. Crossover
cables use the T568A wiring plan on
one end and T568B on the other.