MATA KULIAH

PERALATAN INDUSTRI
Dr. Ir. MEIKA SYAHBANA RUSLI, MSc

DEPARTEMEN TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRI

PERTANIAN
FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN
INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR

INDEX
SIZE REDUCTION
MIXING
SEPARATION
DRYING
HEAT EXCHANGER

SIZE REDUCTION

Pengelompokan Pengecilan Ukuran Menurut Mc. Cabe. et al, (1985):

A. Chrusser (coarse and fine)
1. Jaw crushers
2. Gyratory crushers
3. Crushing rolls
B. Grinders (intermediate and fine)
1. Hammer mills; impactors
2. Rolling-compression mills
a. Bowl mills
b. Roller mills
3. Attrition mills
4. Tumbling mills
a. Rod mills
b. Ball mills; pebble mills
c. tube mills; compartement mills
C. Ultrafine grinders
1. Hammer mills with internal classification
2. Fluid-energy mills
3. Agitated mills
D. Cutting machines
1. knife cutters;dicers; slitters

Bahan-bahan agroindustri yang telah diolah pada

beberapa tipe mesin pengecil ukuran
(a). Crusher rolls :
Barley malt Coffee Flour
Bone

Corn

Mustard seeds

Beet pulp

Corn cobs

Pepper

Casein

Corn meal

Soy beans

Cereals

Cotton seed

Cheese

Dried biscuits Starch

Spices

Cocoa cakes

Dried apple pulp

Coconut shells

Feedstuff

(b). Roller mills : Cocoa

Soybean cake

(c). Hammer mills

Barley
Cinamon
Cocoa cake
Cocoa-sugar mix

Ginger
Gum acacia
Laktose
Potato flour

Sugar
Corn meal
Soya flours
Coconut shells

Cereal
Fish meal
Gum arabic
Cocoa
Pepper

Soybean
Cotton seed
Potatoes
Corn
Rubber

Cocoa

Sugar

(d). Disk attrition mills

Apples
Egg shells
Cloves
Coconut shells
Copra

(e). Fluid jet mills

Vanilla beans

Yeast

Kisaran operasi peralatan pengecilan ukuran

Peralatan

Ukuran
umpan (mm)

Rasio
Kapasitas
pengecilan (ton/jam)

Konsumsi
daya (kw)

200-2000

Ukuran
produk
(mm)
25-250

Gyratory
crushers
Jaw
crushers
Cone
crushers
Impact
breakers
Rod mills

100-500

100-700

100-1000

25-100

10-1000

5-200

50-300

5-50

10-1000

20-250

50-300

1-10

40

10-1000

100-2000

5-20

0.5-2

10

20-500

100-4000

Ball mills

1-10

0.01-0.1

100

10-300

50-5000

Hammer
mills
Jet mills

5-30

0.01-0.1

400

0.1-5

1-100

1-10

0.003-0.05 300

0.1-2

2-100

CRUSHERS
Jaw crushers

Jaw crushers

1. Frame
Heavy-duty design
Steel plate welded construction
Welded by CO2 shield arc process
Stress relieved after fabrication
2. Crushing Chamber
Deep crushing chamber
Sharp nip angle ensures high crushing
3. Swing Jaw & Main Bearing Housings
Allows removal from frame as an integral sub assembly
Permits onsite substitution of a changeover unit in the event of bearing damage
Swing Jaw is a robust steel casting w
4. Flywheel
Balances inertia
Promotes smooth operation
5. Eccentric Shaft
Forged from hardened and tempered chrome molybdenum steel
Particularly large diameters to suit heavy -duty application

6. Bearings
Fag or SKF heavy -duty selfaligning double row bearings on swing jaw and main frame
Bath oil lubrication ensures positive lubrication
Bearing life in excess of 8 years under typical quarry applications
7. Hydraulic Cylinder
Allows easy adjustment of discharge setting by moving toggle block to the desired setting
8. Shim
Allows easy adjustment of closed side setting
9. Toggle Block
10. Tension Rod with Spring
11. Toggle Seat
Allows smooth toggle plate stroke
12. Toggle Plates
Designed to shear protecting crusher components if noncrushable object is introduced to
crusher (i.e. Steel)
13. Check Plates
Manganese steel castings allow easy replacement 14. Jaw Plates
High manganese steel castings can be reversed allowing extended life
Wedge \ lug system allows easy replacement

APPLICATIONS

ADVANTAGES:

PRIMARY CRUSHING:

Mining
Aggregate
Demolition
Industrial
Construction
Environmental

Heavy Duty Design

Long Life
Cost Effective
Standard Replacement Parts
High Productivity

Jaw crushers
CHETAK JAW Crushers are designed
for primary crushing of even hardest
rock. Constructed with heavy ribbed
M.S. plates, with strong and thick
welding joints. Accurately machined &
aligned, string bearing housings , very
thick, hard and tough adjustable
toggle plate, Heat treated, hardened
alloy steel main shaft, proper
lubrication system, high manganese
steel jaw plates, hard facced side
plates, impart a long life to the
machine. Spring loaded safety tiebar
protects Jaw stock against
overloading.

Jaw crushers

Jaw crushers using the compression method are suitable for

reducing extremely hard and abrasive rock. As a mechanical
reduction method, compression should be called for in these
circumstances:
If the material is hard and tough
If the material is abrasive
If the material is not sticky
When the material will break cubically

Jaw crushers.
Size of Crusher
Inches

m.m.

Max.
Feed

JP - 0804

8" X 4"

200 X 100

3"

280

JP - 1006

10" X 6 "

250 X 150

5"

10

280

JP - 1207

12" X 7"

300 X 175

6"

15

325

JP - 1609

16" X 9"

400 X 225

8"

25

325

JP - 2010

20" X 10"

500 X 250

9"

30

325

JP - 3009

30" X 09"

750 X 225

8"

30

325

JP - 3015

30" X 15"

750 X 375

14"

40

325

JP - 3608

36" X 08"

900 X 200

7"

45

300

JP - 3620

36" X 20"

900 X 500

16"

60

300

Model

H.P.

RPM

CRUSHERS
Gyratory crushers
The Fuller-Traylor gyratory crusher is the
workhorse of the crushing world and each
gyratory crusher is custom designed to suit
specific application requirements. The
Fuller-Traylor primary gyratory crushers
feature throughputs to 12,000 TPH with
installed powers to 1,200 HP. Some of the
advantages of the Fuller-Traylor primary
gyratory crusher include the following:

Rock box technology bottom shell

Flat top shell wearing plates
Split ring contact oil seal
Large main shaft diameters
Fuller-Traylor bar type spider
Counterbalancing to reduce out-ofbalance forces

Gyratory crushers

ThyssenKrupp Robins manufactures a line of heavy duty Primary Gyratory

Crushers for Stationary, Semi-Mobile, and Mobile crushing operations. With
specialized crushing chamber designs that provide a "pre-crush" feature for large
size feed, and capacities that start at 500 STPH, these heavy duty Gyratory
crushers provide a reliable solution to your crushing requirements.

CRUSHERS
Crushing roll
Ideal for reducing hard materials, the
Rockmaster Single Roll Crusher is of
extremely heavy-duty construction. Its
rugged design allows continuous
service even in the most severe
crushing application. Believed
to be one of the world's strongest duty
single roll crushers, the Rockmaster
traditionally provides years of service
with minimum maintenance. The
Rockmaster Crusher is the ultimate
refinement of strength and
design, an outgrowth of the original
single roll crusher designed and first
manufactured in 1894 by McLanahan.
ROCKMASTER

Crushing roll
Applications
Primary reduction of very hard rock, ore, mine refuse, and R.O.M. coal with
refuse. Ideal for slabby feeds and wet sticky material.
Capacities shown in Tons per Hour

Crushing roll

Double Roll Crusher

ThyssenKrupp roll crushers are eminently suited for crushing bulk

materials. A reduction ratio of up to 6:1 can be achieved, depending on the
crushing behavior of the material. Lumps with an edge length of 3 feet are
crushed without difficulty.

GRINDERS
Hammer mills
Digunakan untuk pembuatan
tepung, makanan ternak,
penggiling
minyak,
tanaman obat - obatan
untuk penggilingan produk
kering yang rapuh dan semi
rapuh, seperti gelatin,
sekam/dedak, gelas kering,
macaroni dan sebagainya.

Hammer mills..

Hammer mills.

PRINSIP OPERASI:
Secara umum umpan mengalir
menuju unit penggilingan.
Produk dipukul-pukul dengan
menggunakan martil khusus
yang bergabung dengan beater
rotor dimana akan memperkecil
ukuran partikel sampai dengan
ukuran yang diinginkan.
Ukurannya bisa mencapai 0.8
mm sampai 20 mm.

KEISTIMEWAAN:
- Terbuat dari baja.
- Kapasitasnya besar.
- Mudah dan cepat dalam
pemasangan saringan dan
martil.
- Penyerap dari karet dapat
mengurangi vibrasi sampai
minimum
- Magnet dapat dipindahkan ke
feed hopper.

Hammer mills

TIPE

DIMENSI cm

KAPASI
TAS
T/H

KEKUA
TAN.
KW

TD 1

57

42

91

135

76

15/28

22/35

22

TD 2

80

54

115

175

100

18/38

30/57

55

TD 3

80

72

115

206

706

18/58

50/60

10

75

TD 4

80

81

134

220

120

18/68

60/70

15

110

KAPASI
TAS

KEKUA
TAN
KW.

TIPE

DIMENSI cm
A

TD 5

205

136

156

84

30/40

40/60

19

10

90-100

TD 6

220

136

156

84

30/50

50/60

19

15

100-132

TD 7

235

163

156

84

30/60

60/60

19

20

1101600

SPECIFICATIONS - SCHUTTE
HOGERIZER Model FG-Z
Upper Unit:
Schutte Series HZF Wood Waste
Grinder with Coarse Grate.
Horsepower: 75-200 at 3600 RPM
Lower Unit:
Schutte Series 13 Wood Waste
Grinder with Fine Screen.
Horsepower: 150-300 at 3600 RPM

GRINDERS..
Bowl mills

INTRODUCTION TO BOWL MILLS

Coal is the one of the most dominating energy
source because of its cost, availability and
transportability. Pulverized form of coal has
made modern steam generating units highly
thermal efficient, reliable, safe and able to
efficiently use of low-grade coals. It provides
coal-air fuel control, flame stability, effective
utilization of carbon and thus reduction in cost
and flexibility of operation. The efficiency of
combustion depends upon efficiency of
pulverizing.
The machine used for particle size reduction is
called pulverizes or mill. In 1919 at
combustion Engineering U.S.A., Raymond Mill
was developed. The early mills were built with
maximum capacity of 6 tons per hour. By 1930
the maximum capability of this mill design had
been increased to 15 and then to 25 tons per
hour.

Bow mills
Grinding mills use one , two or all three of the basic principles of particle size
reduction namely impact, attrition and crushing. With respect to speed these
machines may be classified as low speed, medium speed and high speed. The
characteristics of commonly used pulverizes are shown in the table below
Speed

Low
10 to 20 RPM

Medium
40 to 70 RPM

High
900 TO 1000 RPM

Type

Ball Tube Mill

Ring Roll Mill

Ball and Race Mill
Bowl Mill

Impact or Hammer
Mill

Predominant
Principle

Attrition

Crushing

Impact

Bow mills

Raymond Bowl Mill Coal Pulverizers, nominally rated at a base capacity of

20,000#/hr. on 55 grindability coal pulverized to 70% minus 200 mesh,
(capable of grinding down to 90% minus 200 mesh at a lower rating). Mill
and exhauster fans are direct driven by 200HP Elliott induction motors,
3/60/2300V., 1800RPM. Mills are equipped with feeder assemblies with
motor drives, fan inlet pipes, dampers and regulators. In stock at additional
cost are new spare parts inventory of liners, rings and rolls, etc.

GRINDERS.
Attrition mills
Attrition Mills
48 and 60
The most vital component
in processing cellulose,
this mill produces the most
consistent low-density
product while using the
largest feedstock and a
minimum amount of
horsepower. These mills
continually outperform the
competition in output
consistency, plate life, and
fiber length.

Attrition mills
Specifications:
RRS-48

RRS-60

100

100

Width (in)

64

76

Height (in)

62 3/4

75

48

60

Max Input HP

250

400

Nominal HP

200

250

11,500

17,500

6,500

9,000

Overall Length (in)

Rotor Diameter (in)

Design Capacity (#/hr)

Air Throughput Req. (CFM)

Attrition Mill
INTRODUCTION
The Centrifugal Impact Mill gives controlled particle
sizes down to -200 mesh and is used primarily for
friable materials. Available in #304 stainless steel,
sanitary, abrasive resistant and standard carbon steel
design.
Designed to process both friable and non-friable
Material.
Rotating single or double disc powered runner mill for
precise fine grinding applications.
Shaft mounted grinding plates: adjustable constant
spring-pressure assures product uniformity, marrow
spectrum particle size to 200 mesh.
Typical applications: wood flour, chemicals, plastics,
feather curling, fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, powder
metals, de-germinating, corn grinding.

Pin Mill

Pin Mill
INTRODUCTION
Shown here (right) is the Munson CIM-18-SS. The Centrifugal Impact
Mill gives controlled particle sizes down to -200 mesh and is used
primarily for friable materials. Available in #304 stainless steel,
sanitary, abrasive resistant and standard carbon steel design.
Disc Attrition Mills are also available for fine grinding applications of
more fiberous materials down to -100 mesh in size.
Rotating impactor pin/disc assembly for fine and ultra fine particle
reduction, declumping applications @ slower speeds.
Design efficiency produces high throughput rates per horsepower
requirements.
Available in 15-100 horsepower drives via multiple V-belt and shave
arrangement, direct drive, C-Faced motors.
Typical applications: chemicals, foods, resins, powdered metals,
spices, sugars and grains, clays,

GRINDERS.
Ball mills
Ball mills are used primary for single stage fine grinding, regrinding, and as the
second stage in two stage grinding circuits.
Metso overflow ball mill sizes range from 5
ft. x 8 ft. with 75 HP to 26 ft. x 41 ft. with
20,000 HP.
Normal feed size to a Metso Minerals ball
mill is 80% passing 1/4" (6mm or finer) for
hard ores and 80% passing 1" (25mm or
finer) for soft ores.
Product size is typically 35 mesh or finer.
Application
A ball mill grinds ores and other materials
to a typical
product size of 35 mesh or finer.

GRINDERS.
Conical ball mills
Metso Minerals conical ball mills are most efficient when the maximum
feed size is less than 2" and iron contamination is not a factor.
These mills are sized from 2HP to
450HP for wet grinding and from 2HP
to 500HP for dry grinding.
Particles of different sizes and
densities, when revolved in a cone will
classify themselves with the largest
pieces at the point of the greatest
diameter.
The shape of the conical ball mill
provides a classifying action within the
mill resulting in increased efficiency and
lower power consumption

ULTRAFINE GRINDERS
SPECIFICATIONS - SCHUTTE
HOGERIZER Model FG (Fine Grind)
Upper Unit:
Schutte Series 13 Wood Waste Grinder
with Coarse Screen.
Horsepower: 50-200 at 3600 RPM
Lower Unit:
Schutte Series 13 Wood Waste Grinder
with Fine Screen.
Horsepower: 150-300 at 3600 RPM

Aarkays Ultra fine grinding machine (UF)

CUTTING MACHINES
Rotary knife cutters
For Producing:
- Rice,
- Corn,
- Peppers,
- Soybeans,
- Anchovies,

-Peanut Hulls,
- Ginseng Root,
- Expelled Cotton Seed
- Orange and Lemon Peels, and as
a first break system in a Corn
Milling Plant.

Spesifications:
- Eight rotating knives operate with two stationary knives. All knives are adjustable
to accommodate a specific product.
- ndustrial construction is provided for continuous operation. Machine's case is built
with 1/2 inch plate steel.
- Main bearings are 2 7/16". Type E double row roller.
- Rotor shaft is also 2 7/26" and is built with cold rolled steel.
- Width of cutter at point material enters is 24 inches.
- Size of cutter's screen 24 7/8" by 35 1/2". With 2600 of screen surface.
- Complete V-belt drive and motor base is provided as standard equipment.

Rotary knife cutters.

Eight Rotating Knives Mounted On A Cylinder

CUTTING MACHINES
Dicers
Dicer (Urschel model GA) (GAmodel)

Sketsa proses pengirisan

Dicer (Urchel model

CD-A) (CDA)

Dicers
Applications
Versatile three-dimensional cutter capable of producing
uniform dices, straight french fry strips, and slices from a
variety of soft ripe fruits and brittle root vegetables including
peaches, pears, potatoes, lettuce, cucumbers, and carrots.
Features continuous operation for uninterrupted production
and simplified design for easy cleanup and maintenance.
Types of Cuts
Slices, strip cuts, or dices can be produced by using the
required cutting spindles and adjusting the slice thickness:

Dicers

Slice thickness
1/8 to 3/4" (3.2 to 19 mm)
Crosscut Knife Cuts
9/32" (7.1 mm)
3/8" (9.5 mm)
7/16" (11 mm)
1/2" (13 mm)
5/8" (16 mm)
3/4" (19 mm)
7/8" (22 mm)

Circular Knife Cuts

3/32" (2.4 mm)
1/8" (3.2 mm)
3/16" (4.8 mm)
1/4" (6.4 mm)
5/16" (7.9 mm)
3/8" (9.5 mm)
7/16" (11 mm)
1/2" (13 mm)
9/16" (14 mm)
.600" (15 mm)
5/8" (16 mm)
3/4" (19 mm)
7/8" (22 mm)
1" (25 mm)
1-1/2" (38 mm)
2" (51 mm)
3" (76 mm)

Dicers

RESULT

Dicers

Model

Feed
Opening

Typical
Horsepower

Mill Speed
(Maximum Rotor
RPM)

B-8

8"

71/2 - 25

4,000

B-12

12"

20 - 50

3,500

B-16

16"

25 - 60

3,500

B-20

20"

30 -75

3,500

B-25

25"

30 - 100

3,200

Cutter
(Urschel Model 30)
(model30)

Slicer (Urschel Model OC)

Slicer (Urschel Model CC)

Sketsa proses pengirisan

CUTTING MACHINES
Rotary cutters

TERIMA KASIH