KIMIA FISIKA

HIDROKARBON
EVALUASI DAN KORELASI SIFAT-SIFAT GAS DAN CAIRAN
HIDROKARBON
AAN

PROPERTIES OF NATURAL GAS

oGas Gravity
oIsothermal compressibility of Gas
oGas Formation Volume Factor
oViscosity of Gas

GRAVITY OF GAS
Gas gravity is the molar mass (molecular weight) of the natural gas
divided by the molar mass of air (28.94 kg/kmol).

The gas gravity affects the calculations of gas viscosity (g),

compressibility (cg), and compressibility factor (z).

ISOTHERMAL COMPRESSIBILITY OF GAS

The compressibility of a substance is the
change in volume per unit volume with
pressure
change
at
constant
temperature.

For ideal gas:

For real gas:

Cr is called the isothermal pseudo-reduced

compressibility

ISOTHERMAL COMPRESSIBILITY OF GAS

Exampl
e
COMPONENT

yi

C1

0.75

C2

0.07

C3

0.05

n-C4

0.04

n-C5

0.04

C6

0.03

C7

0.02

Calculate the isothermal gas

compressibility at 1000 psia and 100
degree Farenheit by assuming:
a. An ideal gas behavior
b. A real gas behavior

Solution
a. Assumsing an idela gas behavior

b.

Assumsing a real gas behavior

Step 1. Calculate Ppc
and Tpc
COMPONEN
yi
Mwi
yi.Mw
T

Tci, R

yi,
Tci

Pci

yi.P
ci

C1

0.7
5

16.0
4

12.03
0

343.5

257.
6

67
3

504.
7

C2

0.0
7

30.0
7

2.105

550.1

38.5

70
8

49.6

C3

0.0
5

44.1
0

2.205

666.2

33.3

61
7

30.9

n-C4

0.0
4

58.1
2

2.325

765.6

30.6

22.0

n-C5

0.0

Tpc
847.0

55
1

33.9

MWa
26.1
72.1 2.886

440. Ppc
647.
48 19.4
8
5

ISOTHERMAL COMPRESSIBILITY OF GAS

Step 2. Calculate Ppc
and Tpc

Step 5. Calculate Cr

Step 3. Calculate Z
Factor Z =
0.725
Step 4. Calculate
P

Ppr

Step 5. Calculate Cg
Z

950

1.46 0.74
7

100
0

1.54 0.72
5

105
0

1.62 0.71
1

GAS FORMATION VOLUME FACTOR

The gas formation volume factor is the gas volume at reservoir conditions
divided by gas volume at standard conditions. It is used to convert surface
measured volumes to reservoir conditions. Defined below:

For the SI system ( P = kPa, T = oK )

GAS FORMATION VOLUME FACTOR

Example
Use composition of gas at example before and calculation gas formation volume factor
with
SI
Ppc =system
440.8 Psia
=
3039.316 Kpa
Tpc = 647.5 Renkine
=
360.01 Kelvin

= 0.725

1 Psi = 6.895
Kpa
1
Rn = 0.556

VISCOSITY OF GAS
Viscosity of a fluid is endurance of fluid for flow.
Gas viscosity is a measure of the resistance to flow exerted by the gas and is given in units of
centipoises (cp). Higher values indicate more resistance to flow.

Experimental determination of gas viscosity is difficult. Usually it is not measured but is obtained
from correlations, which include corrections for H2S, CO2, and N2.
Gas viscosity is used in numerous equations, most notably in the definitions of pseudo-pressure and
pseudo-time.

CARR-KOBAYASHI-BURROWS METHOD
Carr, Kobayashi, and Burrows (1954) developed graphical correlations for
estimating the viscosity of natural gas as a function of temperature, pressure,
and gas gravity.
Example:
Solution:
Componen
t

yi

C1

0.850

C2

0.055

C3

0.035

C4
0.010
Calculate the gas viscosity at
3000 psia and 150 degree
Farenheit

Step 1 : Calculate MWa, SG, Tpc, and Ppc

Compone
nt
C1

yi

MWi yi.MWi

Tci

yi.Tci

0.85 16.04 13.634 343.5 291.975

Pci

Yi.Pci

673

572.05

C2

0.055 30.07

1.654

550.1 30.2555

708

38.94

C3

0.035 44.09

1.543

666.2 23.317

617

21.595

C4

0.01 58.12

0.581

765.6

551

5.51

Ppc

638.095

MWa

Tpc = 355.204
Ppc = 638.095

17.412

7.656

Tpc 353.204

CARR-KOBAYASHI-BURROWS METHOD
Step 2 : Calculate the viscosity natural gas at 1 atm use figure
Mwa
= 17.412
T = 150 Degree
= 0.0119
Farenheit

cp
Step 3 : Calculate Ppr &
Tpr

CARR-KOBAYASHI-BURROWS METHOD
Step 4 : Estimate the viscosity ratio from
figure

Step 5 : Solve for the

viscosity of natural gas

CARR-KOBAYASHI-BURROWS METHOD
(MIXTURE COMPONENT NON HIDROKARBON)
Example
Component

yi

N2

0.05

CO2

0.05

H2S

0.02

C1

0.8

C2

0.05

C3

0.03

Calculate the gas

viscosity at 3500 psia
and 200 degree
Farenheit ?

Componen
t
N2
CO2
H2S
C1
C2
C3

yi

Mwi

yi.Mwi

0.05
0.05
0.02
0.8
0.05
0.03

28.02
44.01
34.08
16.07
30.07
44.09

1.401 227.49 11.3745 493.1

2.2005 547.91 27.3955 1071
0.6816 672.45 13.449 1300
12.856 343.5 274.8
673
1.5035 550.1 27.505
708
1.3227 666.2 19.986
617

Tc

Mwa 19.9653

Tpc

Step 1 : Calculate SG, Tpc,

& Ppc

Tpc = 374.51 Rn
Ppc = 696.51 Psi

yi.tci

374.51

Pc

Ppc

yi.Pc
24.655
53.55
26
538.4
35.4
18.51
696.515

Step 2 : Calculate pseudo critical

properties of the non-HC
component

CARR-KOBAYASHI-BURROWS METHOD
(MIXTURE COMPONENT NON HIDROKARBON)

Step 3 : Calculate the viscosity natural gas at 1 atm use figure

Mwa
= 19.965
T = 200 Degree
= 0.0124
Farenheit

cp

CARR-KOBAYASHI-BURROWS METHOD
(MIXTURE COMPONENT NON HIDROKARBON)

Step 4 : Estimate

using the insert figure

Compone
nt
N2

yi

% yi

0.05

5%

CO2

0.05

5%

H2S

0.02

2%

= 0.0004 cp
= 0.0002 cp

= 0.00005 cp

CARR-KOBAYASHI-BURROWS METHOD
(MIXTURE COMPONENT NON HIDROKARBON)

Step 5 : Calculate the corrected gas viscosity

Step 6 : Calculate Ppr and Tpr

T1.719

CARR-KOBAYASHI-BURROWS METHOD
(MIXTURE COMPONENT NON HIDROKARBON)

Step 7 : Estimate the viscosity ratio from figure

T1.719

Step 8 : Estimate the

viscosity ratio from figure

TUGAS

TUGAS
1. Apakah yang dimaksud centipoise? Dan bagaimana
turunannya?
2. Jika pressure reservoir dan temperature 2500 psia dan 175 derajat Farenheit,
Hitung Z factor (Carr-Kobayashi-Burrows method), SG, Bg (Ft 3/Scf), Cg ideal dan real
gas, dan
jika mengikuti komposisi gas:
Component
yi
CO2

0.06

N2

0.03

C1

0.75

C2

0.07

C3

0.04

n-C4

0.03

n-C5

0.02

!
For your attention
Thank you