National Philosophy of

Education
Prepared by: Yusnitha Merang

Formulation of NPE
The idea to formulate NPE sparked off in 1979 after the
Cabinet Report on the Review of Education Policies
Implementation
Report contained important issues related to educationstressed on the importance of having a philosophy of
education which concentrates on human development
as shown in the excerpt as follow

 Economic development is very rapid in todays world.

The same goes for social development as well. . . As we
are faced with different types of elements both from
within and without . . . Most of such elements are good
but . . . they come from outside and we are not very
comfortable with them. Therefore we face another
challenge that is human development
(Cabinet
Report 1979 226)

Rukunegara
It was a government effort to promote racial unity
balance and stability amongst citizens in reaction to a
racial riot (May 13 incident in 1969)
Basic principle
I. Believe in God
II. Loyalty to King and God
III. Upholding the Constitution
IV. Rule of Law
V. Good behavior and morality

The content of Rukunegara

To achieve a greater unity of all people
To maintain a democratic way of life
To create a society which the wealth of the nation shall
be equitably shared
To build a progressive society which shall be oriented to
modern science and technology

New Economic Policy

The New Economic Policy were planned and carried out
using two- pronged approach
- To eradicate poverty by creating more employment
opportunities for all ( irrespective of ethnicity)
- to restructure the countrys economy thus
eliminating the identification of ethnicity with economic
function
Strategies
Improve productivity and quality of life for the poor
Move the ratio of economic ownership of Malaysia

National Education Policy

National Education Philosophy

Education in Malaysia is an on-going effort towards further developing the
potential of individuals in a holistic and integrated manner, in order to produce
individuals who are intellectually, spiritually, emotionally and physically,
balanced and harmonious, based on a firm belief in and devotion to god. Such
an effort is designed to produce Malaysian citizens who are knowledgeable and
competent, who possess high moral standards and who are responsible and
capable of achieving a high level of personal well-being to contribute to the
betterment of the nation, family and society.

Concept
a process or activity of clarifying terms, thoughts and
principles that guide education and problem that inhibit
education
The National Philosophy of Education (NPE) is a body of
concepts, principles and values that underlining
educational practices and then rationalizes current
practices.
is based on the Five National Principles (Rukunegara)- to
develop a world-class quality education system which
will realise the full potential of the individual and fulfill
the aspiration of the Malaysian nation.

Objectives of NPE
serves as an enlightenment to provide guidance to all
efforts used to develop and improve the national
education
It provides the policy and basic consideration to
determine the objectives of National Education.
a reference to help educators to understand the
national education system and provide necessary
guidance for educators to carry out their educational
duties
provides the policy and the basic consideration to plan
the school curriculum, design learning materials and
determine strategies for teaching-learning activities.

 to instruct students who will be able to fulfill their duties

as responsible citizens.
to produce progressive, skillful and efficient citizens to
carry out the duties productively and satisfactorily so as
to contribute towards the advancement and
development of the country.

Analysis of National Philosophy of

education with reference to its
Elements

Elements

Implications

Education is an on- going

effort

Education is a process of acquiring and

transferring of knowledge
The process start form early age till death
Early education- to shape the personality of
young children
Upon completion of school- continue to
enhance knowledge skills character
Continuous education will assist the individual
to adapt various type of change

Development of individual
potentials

Every individual has been blessed with hidden

talents and potentials
Education should offer individual opportunities
to develop their talents or potentials

Elements

Implications

Holistic and integrated

development of the
individual

Enhancements and development should

preferably encompass every aspect

Balances and harmonic

being

Importance of knowledge (intellectual)

Good personality ( emotional)
Belief in God and good character (spiritual)
Good health (physical)
Balance in all aspects will produce an
individual who can live in harmony with others

Intellectual

Possesses three basic skills (3R)

Always strives to acquire and develop true
knowledge
Possess creative, critical an

Elements

Implications

Spiritual

emotional

Matured and stable emotions

Possess and nurtures love
A feeling of togetherness unity

Physical

Be aware of the importance of good health

Uses physical fitness skills for the benefit of society

Belief in God and obedience

to God

Admit the existence of God and accept Him as the

creator of mankind and the universe
Be aware that God determine natures law and
phenomena
Practice all the teaching of the religion

Thankful for Gods gifts

Possess good character and upholds moral
values