METHODS

OF
PATROL

DEFINITION OF IMPORTANT TERMS

BEAT

Area assigned for Patrol

purposes
COP To Describe Police Officer
POST Fixed Point of Location
ROUTE Length of Street
SECTOR Area containing two or
more BETAS

POST ASSIGNMENT
1. Regular Post = assigning members to
regular/usual post which usually based on
seniority.
2. Post Rotation = is the process of
assigning members of patrol force from post
to post

PREPARATIONS FOR PATROL

OPERATIONS
General Preparation The first and
foremost in his preparation for patrol duty is
attitude preparation. As much as possible,
his attitude must be positive.

Pre-patrol Preparation Prior to going

out on patrol the policeman should be
armed with knowledge and equipment. In
order to have knowledge about their task,
there is a fall-in formation at
headquarters, precinct, or the police block
as the case may be, which is devoted to
the giving of specific assignments,
vehicles to be used and partner (if any),
break and meal time and patrol
assignments.

Vehicle Inspection involves inspection of

patrol vehicles to be used before going out
of patrol.
In-Field Preparation whenever possible,
the police officer who is to go out on patrol
should have a debriefing conference with
the relieving officer.
District Orientation Tour involves
familiarization of assigned area for
patrolling upon arrival in the field.

STREET KNOWLEDGE
This refers to thorough geographical
knowledge of the patrol area or an
understanding of the character, fears,
concerns, problems and attitudes of the
local residents

TERRITORIAL UNITS IN PATROL

1. Post a fixed point or location to which
an officer is assigned for duty
2. Route a length of street or streets
designated for patrol purposes
3. Beat area assigned for foot patrol
purposes
4. Sector area containing two or more
beats, routes or posts

DIFFERENT METHODS OF PATROL

1.

Foot Patrol

Act 185 Law that Introduced Foot

Patrol in the Philippines.
.August 7 1901 Traditional Foot
Patroling
.Bow Street Runners of London 1st
organized Foot patrol
.

Foot Patrol It is the most expensive type of

patrol in terms in human resources and the
most departments and had reduced their
foot patrols to a minimum because of his.
However, it does have certain advantages
that warrant its continued use if even on a
limited basis,
Usually, foot patrol is used to secure two
types of Geographical units:
a. Post
b. Beat
1.

Types of Foot Patrol

1. Fixed Foot Patrol usually used for
traffic, surveillance, parades and
special events.
2. Mobile Foot Patrol used where
there is considerable foot movement
such as business and shopping
center, family dwellings and the like.
a. Line Beat Patrol used in
securing certain portion of the road.
b. Random Foot Patrol used in
checking residential buildings, business
establishments dark alley, parking lots

Foot Patrol Procedures and Techniques

1. Dont establish a set of patterns of patrol.
2. When checking doors for forced entry, use
flashlight on or around the lock to see if
there are noticeable jimmy marks.
3. When an open door is found , NEVER
ENTER ALONE.
4. At least once a night use the fire escapes
to check the roof in the downtown area for
possible cut through burglaries as they
are sometimes referred to.

5. Be

alert for boxes that are being pilled up

behind building, or ropes that are hanging
down the sides of building, or ladders that
might have been used to gain access to a
roof.
6. At nighttime, the foot patrol officer should
occasionally step into alleys or store
entrance, and get out of the light as much as
possible.

7. When

patrolling at night, always approach

each building with caution, always assume that
a felon may be lurking inside.
8. Know the personalities in the area,
particularly wanted person, establishments
which usually fall prey to armed robbery and
burglary.
9. Walk close to the curb during day time and
close to the building night time. The objective of
patrolling during night time is to be see by as
few people as possible and to catch the
criminals in the act.

10.

Foot patrol must walk his best during all type

of weather.
11. A foot patrol officer should never smoke
while in uniform on the street, nor should chew
gum.
12. The foot patrol officer should make a
conscious effort to make friends on the beat.
13. Use all five senses while walking the beat.

Advantages of the Foot Patrol

1. The foot patrolman can provide immediate
traffic control when it is needed.
2. More person-to-person contact can be made
with the public.
3. The officer can actually get to know the
physical layout of his beat better.
4. He can also get to know the people in his
beat better, and can develop criminal
informants easier.

5. A foot

officer can sneak up on situation,

where a patrol car noticed when it approaches.
6. By the use of a two-way radio, the officer can
maintain communications with the department
and the mobile unit.

Disadvantages of Foot Patrol

1. Low

mobility resulting to limited coverage.

2. Low response time to telephone complaints.
3. It involves large numbers of personnel.

2. Automobile
May

Patrol

17 1954 1st Automobile Patrol

Isaias Alma Jose 1st Chief of Mobile
Patrol Bureau of Manila
Automobile patrol is the most type of
patrol and offers tactical ability when used in
numbers. It is considered as the most
extensively used and most effective means
of transportation forb police patrol.

Features of State-of-the-Art Patrol Car

1.Vehicle-Mounted

TV high resolution video

camera with wide angle lens

2. Mobile Data Terminal (MTD) computer

that allow officers in patrol cars to access files
from NHQ and other Law Enforcement
agencies

3. High-Intensity Emergency Lighting Plan

(HELP) a heavy duty that can provide 2
million candle power of light.

Automobile Patrol Techniques and Procedures

1. Check the police car thoroughly before leaving the
garage
2. Do not establish route patterns in patrolling
3. Do not develop the habit of using the main
roads,most criminal activity occurs at the back
streets.
4. Do not spent too much time in drive-inns or coffee
spots.
5. Always take note the plate number of susupicious
vehicles.
6. Avoid driving too fast on general patrol except
during emergencies in pursuing criminals.
Maintain a cruising speed of 20-25kph.

7. Make

it a habit to never leave the keys in the

police car, even if it is just for a minute.
8. Since we are creators of habits, a police
officer must make a habit to use the seat belt at
all times.
9. Frequently get out of the car to be visible and
accessible to the public.
10. Minimize hiding behind hills, Curves or
signboard to trap traffic violators, this may erode
community confidence
11. Park the patrol car in legal manner unless, in
case of emergency.

12. Patrol

the district so that the patrol car will be

seen by the greatest number of people,
frequently turning the corners and covering the
side streets as well as the main thoroughfares.
13. Whatever patrol pattern is used, do it in
irregular and unpredictable manner.
14. When conducting solo patrol, frequent
contact should be made with other units in the
field.

15.

When patrolling with a partner, divide the

observation area inside the vehicle
a. Driving Officer must cover 100% of his
vision in front.
b. Passenger Officer Cover a field of view
twice more than the driving officer. Take into
consideration the safe operation vehicle.
c. Driver and passenger officer must be alert
for possible informants.

CALLS ENCOUNTERED BY AUTOMOBILE PATROL

1.

2.

3.

Routine Call a call where mobile car is

required to observed the traffic laws and does
not normally used flashing lights and siren
while on its way to the scene of the crime.
Urgent Call the responding patrol car has to
observed the traffic laws without need of using
flashing lights and siren but proceed directly to
its destination without stopping enroute unless
incident of far more serious occurs.
Emergency Call requires the use of flashing
lights and siren except when there is an
attempt to surprise the criminals in the act.

Advantages of the Automobile Patrol

1. Where speed and mobility are needed such as
in a large area that must be covered by few
officers, the speed of the automobile allow them
to service the whole area and do so efficiently.
2. It is one of the best means of preventive
enforcement.
3. It offers the officer protection.
4. It permits the officer to carry extra equipment.
5. The patrol car allows the police officer to have a
patner when needed, and to transport one or
several prisoners.

6.

In the case of station wagons, which are

becoming popular as a patrol vehicles, they can
be used to carry police dogs on patrol and
emergency ambulance during disaster.
7. Patrol cars can be used as barricades in
roadblocks, and they offer a high degree of
safety during high-speed pursuits.

Disadvantages of Automobile Patrol

1. It diminishes personal contact with
the public and sources of
infromation.
2. It hampers apprehension and
surveillance operations.

One Man Versus the Two Man Automobile Patrol

One Man Patrol Car
1. Having twice as many police cars on the
street doubles the preventive enforcement.
2. When the officer is alone he devotes full
attention to his driving and the beat rather
than to the conversation with his partner.
3. A one man alone developed self-reliance
4. Personality clashes are reduced

Two Man Patrol Car

1. A two-man patrol car provides the officer with a
greater safety factor by doubling the firepower and
the physical protection.
2. The mistakes that one-man make be caught by his
partner, and vice versa.
3. One officer does not have to drive a full eight
hours, and he is therefore more rested and can do
a better job.
4. Two pair of eyes is better than one.
5. One man can operate the radio while the other
drives.
6. On the quiet night, the driver can have someone to
talk to and help keep him awake.

3. Motorcycle

Patrol the two-wheeled

motorcycle is quite adaptable to traffic
enforcement, parades, escort duty and
congested areas because of its high mobility.
Motorcycle Patrol is usually fielded in areas
where banks and pawnshops are concentrated.
It has the disadvantages of being used only in
fair weather, of causing a greater number of
accidents which are usually quite serious, and in
the long run costing the department almost as
much as a patrol vehicle despite the apparent
low first cost.

4. Bicycle

Patrol it is considered as the simple

and inexpensive means of silent transportation
in patrol operation. Its versatility makes it
indispensable for covering crowded areas
unreachable by automobile and motorcycle.
Advantages of Bicycle Patrol
1. It has the combine advantage of mobility and
stealth.
2. Inexpensive to operate.
3. It can cover areas not accessible by
motorcycle or patrol cars.

4. Effectively

used by plainclothes officers on

surveillance.
5. It is quiet in patrolling without alerting the
criminal, thus the element of surprise is
attained.
6. Found effective in combating theft, burglary,
vandalism in residential areas, parks and
shopping malls which difficult to be covered by
foot patrol.
7. Expedite the delivery of police assistance in
congested areas.
8. Biking is a good form of exercise to maintain
fine physique and good health.

Disadvantages of Bicycle patrol

1. Transport of apprehended criminals is
difficult.
2. There is limited chances of bringing
equipment needed by patrol officers is
patrolling.

5. Horse

Patrol Next to walking patrol, the

horse patrol is one of the oldest types of patrol. It
is useful in areas wherein automobile or
motorcycle is suitable for patrolling.
The following are some of the more common
uses of the horse patrol:
a. Park Patrol
b. Beach Patrol
c. Parade and crowd Control
- Mounted officers can see three blocks away
than on foot patrol

6. Air

Patrol a type of patrol using Helicopter or

Fixed-Wing Aircraft. This is considered as the
most economical type of patrol in terms of
human resources.
1925 Los Angeles County Sheriff Department
formed a volunteer Reserved Aero Squadron
Before 1929 NYPD began using aircraft
1947 New York Port Authority began using
helicopters for surveillance, transportation and
rescue.
1986 State of California developed an
experimental program using helicopters for
police patrolling.

1959 Public safety Department in Dade

Country in Florida used aerial patrol concept.
Advantages of Fixed-Air Wing Aircraft Patrol
1. Patrolling of long stretches of highway of
inaccessible land.
2. Excellent of traffic control in long stretches of
highways, for search and surveillance and
other special missions.

Disadvantages of Fixed-Air Wing Aircraft Patrol

1. It has very little flexibility in congested areas.
2. Needs wide span of flat land for lift and
landing.
3. Very expensive to procure and maintain.

Advantages of Helicopter Patrol

1. Improves response time to emergency calls
foe service.
2. Increase apprehension of offenders.
3. Increase prevention of crime.
4. Improved efficiency of regular patrol units
through air borne information.
5. Increase ability in conducting roof searches
for suspected felons.
6. Easier location of both lost and escaped
persons.

7. More

efficient rescue operations and and

emergency ambulance service.
8. A better system of floodlighting areas at night.
9. Information can be broadcast to large areas
through airborne loudspeakers.
10. Able to travel at low speed, to hover if
necessary, and to land in small patch of flat land.
11. Added security to patrol officers through
backup offered by aerial patrol.
12. Possible use in fire fighting.

Disadvantages of helicopter patrol

1. Bad weather will ground the helicopter,
2. Smog and light or intermittent clouds might
affect vision.
3. This type of service requires special skills and
training.
4. there is a danger from high wire, trees, and
similar object.
5. There can be difficulty of landing in urban areas.
6. Special facilities are required for housing and
repairs.
7. Refueling problems.

8. Plain

Clothes Patrol this is particularly

effective for saturation drive coverage of high
crime areas. This allows police officers to
infiltrate the crime areas without alarming the
criminals following the element of surprise.

9. Canine

( K-9 ) Patrol or Dog Patrol dog was

first used by Egyptians in patrolling.
A single K-9 team can complete building
searches seven times faster than four officers
working together.
Dog team can find hidden suspects 93
percent of the time, while human officers can
only find hidden suspects 53 percent.
Dog is capable of recognizing an odor 10
million times better than a human.

POLICE WORK
1. German Shepherd high scoring dog, most
frequently used for police work.

2. Black

Labrador Retrievers - are frequently

trained for detection work in law enforcement
and for tracking of human suspects. However,
they are not used for suspect apprehension.

3. Giant

Schnauzers - have been used for odor

detection of narcotics and explosives, and for
tracking of humans and suspect apprehension in
police work.

4. Rottweiler's

-used as search and rescue dogs,

as guide dogs for the blind, as guard dogs and
police dogs.

5. Doberman

Pinschers

6. Bouviers

used especially for herding and in

guard work.

7. Newfoundland's

- excel at water
rescue/lifesaving because of their muscular
build, thick double coat, webbed feet, and
innate swimming abilities.

8. Airedale

Terriers

9. Alaskan

Malamutes

 Bloodhounds

is a large dog formerly used for

tracking. It has sagging jaw, dropping ears and
keen sense of smell.

 Wireless

Operational Link and Video

Exploration System ( WOLVES )
- it is the system of attaching
miniature camera and transmitter to a
search dog which makes the dog the
eyes and ears of his handler.

10. Television

Patrol it is basically used for

traffic control which originates in West
Germany.
Television cameras are mounted in a
weatherproof housing. They were equipped
with Zoom lenses and were remotely controlled
by the operator at the control board who can
adjust each camera to a panoramic view of 270
degrees. It makes possible to pick up the
license of fleeing automobiles.

The Traditional Foot Patrol Pattern

1. Clockwise

Patrol Pattern
- The officer walk from one beat to another
making sure that he stays on the left side at the
center or middle portion of any street between
adjoining beats. For every beat the officer calls
the station until the clockwise pattern is
completed. Ideal for rectangular of square beat.
Usually conducted during the first hour of duty.

2. Counter-clockwise

Patrol Pattern
- The reverse of clockwise pattern with the
same characteristic of an area to be patrolled.
Usually done during the last hour of the tour of
duty to ensure that nothing unusual happened in
the AOR.

3. Zigzag

or Free Wheeling Pattern

- Done by patrolling the streets within the
perimeter of the beat not at random but with
definite target location where he knows his
presence is necessary.
It starts at one corner of the patrol area and
work your way diagonally across it to the
opposite corner.

4. Straightway

and Criss-cross Patrol Pattern

It is considered as Hazard Oriented Patrol.
In straightway pattern, it involves patrolling
the length of the street, therefore, movement of
officer is easy to observe. On the other hand,
criss-cross is almost similar with zigzag.
In any patrol pattern, the relieving patrol
officer shall make his first hourly call before
starting his patrol duty.

5. Cloverleaf

( Cloverleaf Pattern ) a highway

intersection designed to route traffic without
interference, by means of a system of curving
ramps from one level to another, in the form of
a 4-leaf clover.

OTHER METHODS OF PATROL

Blending

Patrol form of patrol wherein the

police officer immerse / blend with the
community group of people.
Decoy Patrol form of patrol that uses bait.
Aggressive Patrol very active form of patrol
using assertive measures PLAI

 COPS

in the Philippines was

primarily patterned from the police
system of ( Kuban, Japan )

Thank You