EMERGENCE

OF PAKISTAN

A picture is worth a thousand words

TOPICS TO BE COVERED
Redcliff Award
Other Problems
Jinnah-Mountbatten Talks
Death of Quaid-e-Azam

RED CLIFF AWARD

It was provided in the June 3 plan after

legislation set up to demarcate the
boundaries.
Boundary commission is setuped.
Boundary commissions were set up for
Punjab and Bengal under the chairmanship of
Sir Radcliffe.

17th August 1947

The final award was announced on 17 August,

1947.
The Radcliffe Award was unfair to Pakistan because
it awarded many Muslim majority areas in Punjab
and Bengal to India. Calcutta was given to India.

17th August 1947

Muslim majority tehsils of Gurdaspur and Batala

were given to India along with Pathankot & Ajnalain
(amritsar) tehsil.
The Radcliffe Award was unfair to Pakistan because
it awarded many Muslim majority areas in Punjab
and Bengal to India. Calcutta and Kashmir was also
given to India
.

REDCLIFF AWARD

OTHER PROBLEMS

The Massacre of Muslim Refugees in

India.
Division of Military and Financial Assets
Canal Water Dispute
Kashmir Dispute
Annexation of Princely States
Economics Problems.

Massacre of Muslim Refugees in India

Hindus and Sikhs became more violent

And planned to set fire on Muslim's houses
& Compelled to leave India.
Millions of refugees were looted & killed
before they reached Pakistan

Division of Military and Financial Assets

Pakistan was promised to get 750millions

but Indian Government refused to give.
Recieved only 200millions.
Pakistan also did not receive the
due share of the military assets.

Canal Water Dispute

Rivers flowing in Pakistan

have their origin in India.
India stopped water supply to
Pakistani canals to damage the agriculture.
An agreement called Indus Basin Treaty
was signed later in 1960.

Kashmir Dispute

Kashmir dispute is most important &

unsolved problem.
At the time of partition 85% of the
Kashmir's total population was Muslim.
The Hindu Dogra Rule, who was
with the Government of India, declared
Kashmir as a part of India

Annexation of Princely States

Jodhpur : Maharaja of Jodhpur,

expressed a wish to join Pakistan.
Mountbatten warned him that
his subjects were mostly Hindus
and his accession to Pakistan
would create problems.
As a result Jodhpur acceded to India.

 Hyderabad Deccan: The largest &

richest state ruled by Muslim leader Nizam
who decided to remain independent.
But due to pressure tactics began
applied by Indian Govt & Mountbatten.
India attacked Hyderabad &
forcibly annexed this state to India

 JUNNAGADH STATE: The

Muslim Nawab governing Junagadh
favoured in acceding to Pakistan. But
Indian Government sent Army troops
towards Junagadh and occupied the
State by force in November, 1947.

Economics Problems

Economically underdeveloped areas.

Obsolete agricultural system.
Banks &financial institutions in Indian territory.
Major industries were also located in India.
No Muslim's technical experts and laborer.
Insufficient system of transportation &communication.

ADMINISTRATIVE PROBLEMS

The Indian Government adopted

Delaying strategies in transferring
the Government servants and official
record which aggravated the situation.
The immediate task before the nation
was to establish a workable administrative &
Government machinery to run the affairs of the
newly born state.

ADMINISTRATIVE PROBLEMS

The shortage of competent &

experienced employees in the Central &
Provincial Governments.
Quaid-e-Azam paid his immediate
attention towards setting up of administrative
machinery

JINNAH-MOUNTBATTEN
TALKS

Bilateral negotiations pertaining

to Kashmir between the leaders
of India & Pakistan On November 1947.
Jawaharlal Nehru declared himself
ill & his deputy, Sardar Patel, refused to
come to Lahore.

 Mountbatten came to Lahore

on November 1, 1947, and had
a three & a half hour long discussion
With Quaid e Azam.
Mountbatten made offer to Quaid e Azam
that withdrew Azad Kashmiri forces &
said Indian forces would remain in valley &
Sheikh Abdullah in the chair

 Quaid-i-Azam guaranteed his

counterpart that the two of them
Would solve problem if Mountbatten
was ready to fly with him to Srinagar.
Talks ended as Mountbatten told
Quaid he was not the complete master
of the country & had to take the consent
of Nehru and Patel.

JINNAH PASSES AWAY

Quaid-i-Azam had been ailing since long
before Independence.
Quaid-i-Azam was convinced that if word of
illness leaked out, his opponents would make
the most of it. He denied his illness even to
himself and remained intent to achieve the
dream of millions of Muslims.

JINNAH PASSES AWAY

His sickness grew more serious until his death
on September 11, 1948. He was buried in
Karachi amidst the tears of the entire nation
mourning an irreparable loss.

PAKISTAN
ZINDABAD
PAKISTAN
PAINDABAD